The crab apple tree (Malus coronaria), is a small to medium size deciduous tree native to North America that produces an abundance of tiny apples with a tart, juicy, and sweet taste. Typically growing to heights of between 12-25 feet and just as wide, the crab apple tree prefers to be situated in well drained, moist, and slightly acidic soil in areas of full sun. Of all the fruit trees available, the crab apple tree if one of the hardiest and can tolerate many extremes in winter and summer.
The crab apple tree is easy to care for and will provide years of gorgeous white flowers with lovely, fragrant aromas, showy fruit, and vibrant fall colors when the temperature cools. The flowers of the crab apple tree provide a warm and inviting ambience in the garden and, when planted in gardens of contrasting colors, the yellows and pinkish-white of the flower bloom can be quite spectacular.
In springtime, the flowers of the crab apple tree produce bountiful clusters of small apples which are relished by various wildlife species. Throughout the season, wildlife is attracted to the fresh sweet fruit. These apples may be used to make cider, jelly, or syrups, as is the case with other apple varieties, so not all of the fruit will be enjoyed by wildlife.
The crab apple tree is generally somewhat of a low maintenance plant. Fertilizing should be done at least once a year, however over-fertilizing should be avoided as it can cause fruit loss, so it is important to know the needs of the tree and apply the appropriate fertilizer. Pruning should be done when necessary to keep the tree healthy and promote new growth.
Crab apple trees are living things and need to be planted and cared for properly in order to ensure its health. Fulfilling the crab apple tree’s growth and soil needs, along with timely pruning and fertilizing, will ensure that the tree not only provides a beautiful aesthetically pleasing addition to the garden, but will also ensure the abundant production of its tiny flavorful apples year after year.
Pollinating the Trees
The crab apple tree requires pollination from other flowering trees or bushes in order to produce fruit, and as such, should be planted close to other trees and shrubs. This can be beneficial as it not only helps the crab apple tree to produce an abundance of fruit, but also provides shelter from wind and extreme temperatures, retains moisture, and helps to break up the soil.
Cross pollination greatly increases the amount and quality of the crab apple fruit and can be achieved by planting two or more different varieties of crab apple trees or cordon trees relatively close together, or by planting several trees to increase chances of cross pollination. Bees and other insects such as moths and butterflies help to carry the pollen from one tree to the other.
Pest and Disease Control
As with any tree, the crab apple tree is susceptible to pests, particularly during its blooming season. Canker diseases, borers, caterpillars, aphids, and scale insects, can all be a problem for the crab apple tree. Monitoring, prevention, and proper management are key in preventing these unwelcome visitors, but if pest problems occur, contact an arborist for safe and recommended treatments.
Canker diseases, which are the most persistent and severe of the problems, can cause lesions and discoloration and even kill sections of the tree. Fungicidal sprays should be applied carefully, as too much could harm the tree rather than help. In severe cases, removal of the tree can be the only solution.
Harvesting the Crab Apples
Your crab apple tree will be ready for harvest when the fruit is firm and the stem has changed from green to a yellow or tan color. The apples have an intense flavor and can be harvested directly from the tree and used for beverages, or for the making of syrups, jams, and jellies. The crab apples are also an excellent addition to chutneys.
Harvesting the crab apples from your tree is a simple process, to do so first spread a tarp under the tree to catch any apples that fall as you are picking. Then carefully pick the apples one by one, taking care not to rip them off the tree branch as this will lead to damage. If a ribbed pattern remains after picking, you were successful in not damaging the fruit. Lastly, store the apples in a place where they will stay firm and not bruise.
Uses of the Tree
In addition to providing plentiful fruit, the crab apple is prized most for the gorgeous white flowers it produces in the springtime. As well, with its stunning fall colors and interesting branch structure, the crab apple tree can be a wonderful and unique addition to your garden, courtyard, or park.
The crab apple tree is also popular for bonsai and topiary sculptures, due its hardy nature, tiny white flowers and colorful fruits. The plentiful fruit can be harvested and used for a variety of culinary creations. The crab apple tree is a truly unique addition to any home or landscape.
Benefits of the Tree
The crab apple tree brings many benefits to the home garden and its surrounding environment. The flowers attract honey bees, butterflies and other beneficial insects, helping to increase biodiversity. The ample fruit it produces supplies food for a variety of birds and small mammals, and when left on the ground, the malic acid in the fruit helps to prevent the growth of fungi.
In addition, crabapple trees are considered a good source of food for humans, as they are high in fiber and contain the antioxidant quercetin which is beneficial to regulate blood sugar levels, boost immunity and improve moods. Another benefit of the crab apple tree is that its deep root system helps prevent soil erosion and helps contribute to water conservation.
Pruning the Tree
The crab apple tree should be pruned regularly to maintain size, shape, and reduce the risk of disease. Pruning can be done in late winter or early spring if desired. It is important to prune in such a way that the branches of the tree form a strong framework, with the aim being to create a tree with an open canopy for light and air to penetrate. When pruning, remove any dead, broken, or damaged limbs, and be sure to thin out any overcrowded branches that could be competing for nutrients.
In general, your crab apple tree should be pruned with care as poor pruning can severely damage the tree. Improper pruning can cause damage to the branches and even kill the tree; therefore, if you are not sure how to prune your tree, it is recommended to contact a professional arborist.
Tips and Tricks
When selecting a crab apple tree, look for specimens with a good branch structure and uniform shape. When planting, it is important to ensure it is situated in an area with full sun and well-drained soil. The crab apple tree prefers a slightly acidic soil, so amending the soil with compost or manure can help ensure the tree’s success.
To encourage cross-pollination, plant two or more varieties of the crab apple tree or cordon trees relatively close together. Be sure to compare or start a record of the variety and individual crab apple trees you have planted and offer them regular shepherding – by keeping unwanted pests away, providing plenty of water and regularly fertilizing.
In addition, it is important to keep the tree healthy through preventative measures such as regular pruning, fertilizing, and monitoring for signs of pests. By properly caring for your crab apple tree and ensuring its growth needs are met, you will be rewarded with a healthy and beautiful tree, not to mention an abundance of tiny flavorful apples each year.
