History of Avocado Tree
It is believed that the first avocado tree was born in Central America, more than 8,000 years ago, as part of the archaeological development of that region. Its roots would be relatively slender since the tree was dependent on its delicate network of nutrient collectors. As the tree began to spread, its root systems adapted, reaching out- and- beyond new boundaries in search of alkaline soil and the access it offered to vital nutrients and water sources.
Growth of Avocado Tree Root System
Avocado trees, like other fruit and vegetable varieties, need access to a reliable, nutrient-rich soil source in order to take advantage of all the necessary elements required for an abundant harvest. Avocado tree root systems extend typically within a four-foot radius for optimum growth. While shallow feeder roots play a more prominent role than deep roots in nutrient-building, the deeper roots will be more efficient in absorbing the density of water from the subsurface. During the rainy season, when surface water is more plentiful, shallow roots are the natural choice.
Deep Root System Benefits Avocado Tree Health
Avocado trees want a deep subsoil, which provides the nutrients that create a healthier tree and a better harvest. Generally, the longer, deeper roots of an avocado tree spread out in search of the minerals and trace elements that are essential for creating a healthy, vibrant tree. Loamy soil and sandy soil have better permeability, allowing the deepest levels of water and oxygen penetration reaching the coveted minerals and trace elements.
Location Factors Affecting Size of Avocado Tree Root System
Avocado trees differ in their root systems based off of the location in which they are planted. In northern climates, where temperatures are cooler and water supplies are more limited, the roots of the avocado tree generally develop more shallowly. In other parts of the world, regions with more tropical climates have more easily accessible water sources and extended ‘growing seasons’ allowing the deeper and more extensive root systems to propagate.
Heavy Pruning and Avocado Tree Root Systems
Heavy pruning of avocado trees can greatly reduce the tree’s output and fruit production. This process can cause the tree’s roots to become increasingly concentrated with fewer of them branching out. This dense root system will stunt the growth of the tree and reduce the harvest by limiting the water supply and nutrition needed for growth to the branches and leaves.
Avocado Tree Root System and Newly Planted Trees
Avocado trees need to be exposed to the elements for at least one growing season before any fruit can start to be harvested from them. During this period of ‘gathering strength’ the tree should be well fertilized, watered and cared for. The new root system must bury deep down for protection and forage for adequate moisture if a prolonged drought should occur. The large root strands can take up a significant amount of space; this is why the planting of an avocado tree should be done in an appropriately wide, deep area far from buildings, pavement and boundaries.
Organic Matter vs Chemical Fertilizers and Avocado Tree Root System
Avocado trees, like any other plants and trees, need to be nourished correctly. Organic matter is the recommended nutrition source for avocado trees. Chemical-based fertilizer is neither necessary, nor recommended as it can damage the delicate root system. Organic soil amendments such as compost or worm castings should be applied as they conduce to the healthy growth of an avocado tree and will also keep the root system safe by allowing it to expand with natural nourishment.
Fungicides and Avocado Tree Root System
Root rot can be a significant issue for avocado tree root systems and is caused by soil fungi. Disease-resistant rootstocks, such as those from the Latino and B-type, are ideal choices over their susceptible A-type cousins. Resistant rootstocks require less fungicide applications, and fewer chemical inputs that can potentially damage the root system, leaving them more prone to diversified and healthy root development.
Pruning and Avocado Tree Root System
Pruning for avocado trees should be relatively light, as too much pruning can drastically reduce the production and quality of the fruit, as well as weaken the tree’s root system. Pruning should be centered around creating an open center to the tree to let in the most light and air possible. This creates better air circulation that is vital for reducing pest and disease pressures, while helping to keep an open, healthy root system.
