Lemon trees are among the most popular fruit trees for home orchards due to their vigorous and productive nature. Lemons are prized for their bright, fragrant fruit which adds zest to beverages, salads, main dishes and desserts. The question of how long it takes a lemon tree to bear fruit is often asked by gardeners and orchardists wondering when they can expect to harvest their first crop.
Lemon trees vary in when they first flower and bear fruit; however, most varieties will begin to bear fruit 3 to 4 years after planting. Grafted trees will bear fruit sooner than trees grown from seed. For example, Meyer trees, considered the most cold tolerant of lemon trees, can produce fruit within a year or two.
The most important factor affecting when a lemon tree will bear fruit is adequate and consistent watering. Remaining mindful during periods of drought or near-drought avoids prolonged stress on the tree and allows growth and fruiting to occur consistently each year.
Fertilizers also contribute to the fruit-bearing process of a lemon tree. Depending on the soil structure and fertility, lemons may benefit from extra fertilizer and nutrients applied as recommended by a local nursery or extension service. Increasing fertilizer and tree health will result in better and more fruit production, regardless of the age of the tree.
When a lemon tree begins to flower and produce fruitlets, the number of available nutrients and amount of water during the growing season will determine how large the final fruit will be. Sunlight and care is necessary for a tree to bear optimal sized lemons. Additionally, the flavor of the fruit will be affected by soil structure, soil pH, and climate.
Finally, the age of a lemon tree will also influence the length of time for a lemon tree to bear fruit. As trees continue to grow in size and age, they become more managed and less productive if left unchecked. Pruning and proper care of the trees will help to keep them productive and fruitful.
Protection from Pests and Diseases
The health of the lemon tree will play an important role in determining if and when it will bear fruit. Protection from pests, fungi, and bacteria is important to promote healthy growth and production of fruits. Pests such as aphids and mealybugs can be controlled through sprays and insecticidal treatments, while diseases can be prevented by using a fungicide. Additionally, soil infestations of nematodes can be reduced by applying nematicidal treatments. These treatments are best applied when the tree is in its dormant phase to prevent any damage to the foliage.
Seed Germination for New Tree Plantings
For gardeners who want to start their own orchards, seed germination for new tree plantings is a viable option. Most lemon trees can be successfully propagated through seeds, but the timeframe for germination varies. Generally, it takes anywhere from three weeks to three months for the seeds to fully germinate. Once germinated, the tree must be transferred in a permanent potting container and the process of continual watering and fertilization can begin.
Climate Requirements for Optimal Fruit Production
Finally, the climate where the lemon tree is planted will dictate the fruit production rate of the tree. In warmer climates, lemon trees grow and mature more quickly. The seasons are shorter, allowing the growing and fruiting process to be completed in less time. In cooler and/or wetter climates, the growth and maturation process slows down, as well as the rate of fruit production. To optimize fruit production, the tree should be grown in an area with warm, sunny days and cool, dry nights.
Pest and Disease Management for Improved Yields
In order to maximize the yield of a lemon tree, the owner must utilize pest and disease management techniques. Proper application of sprays and insecticides will keep pests in control and help to maintain the health of the tree. Fungal and bacterial issues also need to be addressed to maintain optimal tree health. Fungicides can be applied on a regular basis to prevent any fungal growth and bacterial issues, while nematode infestations in the soil can be managed using nematicidal treatments.
Harvesting Technique for Maximum Yield
When harvesting the lemons from a lemon tree, it is important to use the right techniques to ensure maximum yield. Soft fruits that are ripe can be gently plucked off the tree, while harder fruits will require some pulling. To assure maximum yield, both the leaves and branches should be examined for unripened fruit that could be easily overlooked. Gently shaking the tree may also help with the process to knock fruit from any hard to reach areas.
Proper Storage and Shelf Life of Lemons
Once the lemons have been harvested, it is important to practice proper storage and handling techniques to ensure maximum shelf life of the fruit. Lemons should be stored in a cool, dry place as any moisture or heat will cause them to quickly rot or shrink in size. If the lemons are packed inside a plastic bag, it should be loosened to avoid condensation build up. Lemons will usually keep for up to two weeks if stored properly.
