Stage One – Choosing the Right Avocado Tree
When propagating an avocado tree, the first thing to know is that there are two main types – the Mexican and the Guatemalan. Mexican avocados have a smoother and more rounded exterior, with creamy, buttery-tasting flesh. Guatemalan avocados are more textured, with coarser flesh and thick skin. They are known for their nutty, almost grassy flavor. When air layering an avocado, it is important to select the right cultivar for your environment for the best results.
Stage Two – Preparing the Avocado Tree
Once you have chosen the right avocado tree for your environment, the next step is to prepare it for air layering. Start by removing any damaged leaves or branches and then prune it to reduce the overall size of the tree. This will enable air to get to the root system, helping it to heal faster. Also, inspect the root ball and make sure there is no fungus or rot, which could hinder the air layering process.
Stage Three – Applying the Air Layer
Now the tree is ready for air layering. To start, make an incision on the stem of the tree. This needs to be done at least 20cm (7.9 inches) above the root system. Then all you need to do is insert some Sphagnum moss into the incision, moisten it with water and pack it tightly. Next, wrap the moss with some plastic wrap to keep the moisture in and secure it in place. This should be done when the tree is dormant, or just beginning its growth cycle, for best results.
Stage Four – Waiting for the New Roots
Once the air layer has been applied, it is just a matter of waiting for the roots to form. This can be anywhere from eight weeks to six months or more. You can expect to start to see the new roots in about four weeks, which will then continue growing for a few more weeks or months. It is important to monitor the progress of the new roots and ensure the moss is kept moist at all times.
Stage Five – Separating the New Plant
Once the new roots have formed and the plant is strong enough to be removed from the parent tree, it is time to separate them. The best way to do this is to cut the stem just below the air layer. Then, carefully dig one side of the root ball out of the soil and gently shake off any excess soil. Finally, wrap it in a moist cloth and place it in a pot with fresh potting soil.
Stage Six – Watering and Pruning
Once the new plant is potted, it is essential to keep it moist until the roots have had a chance to adjust to its new environment. Additionally, continue to prune any dead or damaged branches, leaves or fruits. It is important to keep a close eye on the plant and ensure it is not stressed or under watered.
Stage Seven – Fertilizing the Avocado Tree
Now that the new avocado tree has been established, it is important to provide it with the right nutrients. Avocado trees need a well-balanced fertilizer, applied every few months during the growing season. Organic fertilizers such as fish emulsion or compost are great choices for avocado trees. Additionally, liquid seaweed fertilizer can be used to supplement the soil, as it is rich in trace minerals.
Stage Eight – Pruning for Sunlight Access
As the avocado tree grows, it is important to prune it regularly to encourage strong growth and ripening of its fruits. Pruning is also important for allowing adequate sunlight access to the tree. Sunlight is essential for fruit production, as it helps to ripen avocados faster and increases their overall sweetness. When pruning, it is best to make small, deliberate cuts and remove any dead, diseased or damaged branches.
Stage Nine – Pest Control
Avocado trees are susceptible to various pests, including aphids, scale insects, whiteflies and mites. The best way to control these pests is to monitor the tree regularly, and look for signs of infestation. If any pests are spotted, it is important to act quickly and apply an appropriate insecticide. Organic pesticides, such as soap and oil sprays, are a great option for environmentally friendly pest control.
Stage Ten – Harvesting the Fruit
Once the avocado tree has been established, it will begin to bear fruit. The best way to know if an avocado is ripe is to inspect its color. Avocados will usually start as dark green and then gradually turn lighter green as they ripen. When harvesting avocados, it is important to be gentle and avoid bruising the fruit. Additionally, avocados can be left to continue ripening on the tree or stored in a cooler for later use.
