Taking care of a lemon tree outdoors is a rewarding venture that can yield tasty fruit. To ensure your lemon tree thrives and provides maxiumum yield, it is important to adhere to some basic maintenance guidelines. Here are some tips on how to keep your lemon tree healthy and happy.
Water properly
Lemon trees require regular watering – about one inch of water per week. Use a soaker hose for best results and make sure the water reaches the root zone. Do not allow water to form puddles and aim for deep, thorough watering suited for the size of the tree. Sign of underwatering include yellow leaves and branches, which should improve once the trees recieves ample water.
Monitor soil
A lemon tree thrives best in soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Invest in a soil testing kit to keep track of the pH level. Additionally, make sure the soil has excellent drainage and is fertilized twice during the growing season – once in early spring and once more after the peak of bloom.
Test light levels
When deciding how to position a lemon tree outdoors, it’s important to consider the amount of sunlight it will receive. Place in an area that receives at least six hours of direct light each day. An easy way to test if a spot offers the right amount of light is to place your hand over the tree and observe the shadow. If the shadow is cast on the tree, that indicates it has enough sun.
Provide a windbreak
Lemon trees should be placed in a sheltered area away from strong winds, as they can cause weakened branches, breakage, and other stress to the tree. Large shrubs or tall structures can block gusty winds and still allow for plenty of light and airflow.
Be vigilant about pests
Pests such as spider mites, whiteflies, and aphids can be problematic for lemon trees. Keep a lookout for any signs of infestation, such as tiny webs or little white spots on the leaves. Keep an eye out for any damage to fruit, as some pests such as moths, scale, or cutworms can bore into the fruit.
Prune regularly
Lemon trees require regular pruning, which will help the shape of the tree, maximize productivity and improve air circulation. Prune during the late winter months and don’t be afraid to make thinning cuts. Also aim for an open, vase-like shape, where all the branches and limbs extend symmetrically from the center.
Give special care during cold periods
Cold temperatures can cause lemon foliage to turn yellow and drop too early. To help protect against cold temperatures and frosts, provide shade during sunny days and add a protective layer of mulch and frost blankets during cold nights.
Fertilizing Your Lemon Tree
During the growing season, lemon trees benefit from a balanced fertilizer that is applied in three increments. This is typically done about 4 – 5 weeks apart. Applying a generous, even layer of mulch or compost around the base of the tree can help prevent weeds or grass from absorbing the nutrients in the fertilizer.
Pruning & Shaping Your Lemon Tree
To keep the tree healthy, prune it regularly. Thin out branches that are too dense or are blocking airflow. Also, remove branches that are growing out at a strange angle as this will not aid in fruiting. The goal is to create an open, vase-shape structure that allows air to flow easily and light to penetrate.
Harvesting & Storing Lemons
Harvesting lemons should be done when the fruits are still slightly immature and they will turn yellow while ripening at room temperature. If lemons are left on the tree, they occasionally become infested with varmites. Lemons will remain fresh for up to a week before they start to overripen and can also be stored in the refrigerator.
Preventing & Treating Diseases
When left untreated, lemon trees can become infected with various fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Many of these diseases are spread through splashing water and by other insects, so it’s important to protect your lemon trees from exposure to these elements. Inspect leaves for signs of mildew or any other discoloration and prune affected branches immediately.
Pests & Predators
Outdoors, pests and predators can feast on lemon trees and cause damage. Predators include birds, rabbits, deer, and other mammals, which can reduce yield and strip away foliage. To deter these pests, make use of fences and netting, as well as plants and herbs like peppermint or chives, which act as natural repellents.
Insecticides & Herbicides
If the natural repellents don’t work, then insecticides can be used to kill the pests or predators responsible for the damage. Be sure to carefully read the label and dilute the insecticidal solution if necessary. Additionally, use herbicides to control weeds and other invasive vegetation that may threaten a lemon tree’s health.
