Introduction
A cherry tree is a species of a flowering tree in the genus Prunus, of the family Rosaceae. This type of tree was first found in Europe and Asia, but it has also been cultivated in many places around the world. The trees are highly valued for their wood, but for many people, the most important aspect of the cherry tree is its delicious fruits. The taste of a cherry tree’s fruit varies from sweet to sour, depending on the variety and ripeness of the cherries. Cherries are also packed with nutritional benefits, making this fruit a popular snack and health food choice.
Biology of Cherry Trees
Cherry trees are perennial plants that can grow up to about 25 meters in height, depending on the variety. In springtime, these trees are covered with showy white or pink blossoms that last for a couple of weeks usually. After blooming, these bloomed flowers will then turn into cherry fruits in summer. The cherries are usually eaten fresh or processed into a variety of snacks and beverages.
History
Cherry trees have been cultivated since ancient times, with some evidence of domestication in Greece dating back to 500 BC. The Romans and Greeks played an important role in the domestication of cherry trees, and the trees have since been spread all over the world by various traders and immigrants. In Japan and Europe, Cherry Blossom festivals have been a part of the culture since ancient times.
Climate & Soil Requirements
Cherry trees are grown in temperate and warm climates in Europe and North America. The trees need well-drained, slightly acidic soil for optimum growth. The trees require full sun for optimum growth. It’s important to keep the soil consistently moist so the tree can thrive, particularly during fruit-bearing months. For adequate water supply, cherry trees need to be irrigated regularly with irrigation systems specifically designed for these trees.
Harvesting & Preservation
The cherries should ideally be harvested when they are ripe and still firm. They can be stored at room temperature, but they should be refrigerated if they are not going to be eaten within a couple of days. It is also possible to freeze cherries for a couple of months.
Nutritional Value
Cherries are loaded with polyphenols, vitamins and minerals, making them an excellent source of nutrition. They are also packed with antioxidants that can help protect the body from aging and disease. The vitamins and minerals present in cherries help to strengthen the immune system.
Health Benefits
Cherries contain plenty of anthocyanins which are the compounds responsible for its color. These antioxidant compounds are known to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and some types of cancer. They also contain dietary fiber which can help to reduce cholesterol levels.
Uses
Cherries are a popular snack that can be eaten as is, or used in desserts, dressings, sauces and jams. They can also be used to make refreshing cordials, wines and even tea. The wood from the cherry tree is often used to make furniture, musical instruments and boats.
Varieties
There are dozens of varieties of cherry trees, with some of the most popular being the sweet cherry, sour cherry, and dwarf cherry. Some of these varieties are self-fertile, while others need to be cross-pollinated with a nearby tree.
Wildlife
Cherry trees provide an important food source for many species of birds, mammals, and insects. Birds such as cedar waxwings and blackbirds feed on the cherries, while grizzly bears and deer browse the trees for the foliage. In addition, many species of butterflies and moths use cherry trees for food, shelter and breeding.
Pests & Diseases
Cherry trees can be susceptible to a number of diseases and pests. These can range from fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot, to bacterial infections like bacterial canker. Pests such as aphids and mites can also feed on the foliage and fruits of cherry trees.
Cultivation & Care
Cherry trees should be planted in a sunny spot with plenty of space for growth. They should also be given enough water and fertilizer throughout their life. Pruning should be done during the dormant season in order to ensure plenty of new growth the following year. If given the right conditions, cherry trees can live up to 100 years or more, making them a popular choice for landscapes.
