Apples are a beloved summer fruit, and many gardeners plant apple trees in their gardens. Before doing so, however, some considerations should be taken into account. Firstly, the size of the tree: apple trees can grow to up to 20 feet tall. Careful planning is required to allocate the available space. Secondly, the variety of tree to plant: many varieties of apples exist, each with its own characteristics. This will help the gardener decide which trees are the most suitable for their particular location. Thirdly, the soil type: apples require fertile, well-draining soil, so the gardener should take soil quality into account when selecting the ideal spot in which to plant the tree. Fourthly, the sun exposure: apples need six to eight hours of direct sunlight a day, and they should be planted in a location exposed to the sun. Find a spot that serves this need. Fifthly, the wind exposure: apple trees are vulnerable to winds and thus should be planted in a sheltered spot or protected with fencing or netting. Sixthly, the tree mulching: the base of the tree should be mulched with a 2–3 inch layer to prevent weeds, retain moisture and protect the root system. Lastly, the location on the property: the fruiting tree should ideally be planted away from pavements and other trees in order to maximise its growth.
Package of Apple Trees
When it comes to planting an apple tree, there are many options available. For those who are not familiar with the different varieties, it makes sense to purchase a package of apple trees from a reputable retailer. This package will include different varieties optimized for the specific climate and soil conditions of the region, as well as tailored advice on how best to care and protect the trees. In addition, the package might also include some guidance on how to ensure the pollination of the fruit-bearing trees.
Planting Time
Before planting, it is important to know when the best planting times occur. These vary depending on the region and climate, but generally, any time between the start of October and the end of March is suitable. It is best to plan ahead and purchase the trees at least one month prior, to give them enough time to adjust to the new environment. Additionally, it is advised that the trees are planted no more than two weeks after purchase.
Water and Nutrients
Apple trees require regular watering to maintain healthy foliage and fruit production. It is best to water the young tree deeply but infrequently, as using too much or too little water can be damaging to the tree. As the tree matures, the amount of water needed will decrease as the tree develops better self-regulating capabilities. Similarly, apple trees need sufficient amounts of soil nutrient. It is usually best to use a slow-release fertilizer, applied a few times a year, such as in the spring and the fall.
Pruning and Training
Pruning and training can help optimise the growth and yields of fruit trees. A rounded shape with an open centre is recommended for apple trees, and any central leader can be removed. Pruning should be done regularly to remove weak, dead or diseased branches, as well as to keep the tree small enough to manage. Additionally, depending on the preferred tree shape and size, a form of training such as spur growing may be necessary. To ensure healthy fruit production, thinning the branches and shoots during the early summer helps to prevent the formation of small, unmarketable fruits.
Insects and Pest Management
Apple trees can be prone to pest and disease infestations, so monitoring the trees and being aware of any problem symptoms is essential. Common insect pests of apple trees include mites and aphids, while some fungal diseases can cause severe damage if not managed promptly. Pre-emptive sprays before the peak of the season can help to keep these organisms at bay and preserve the trees’ health. It is also beneficial to encourage natural predator populations such as ladybugs and birds in the vicinity, as this can help to reduce the population of pests.
Harvest Time and Storage
When the time comes to harvest the apples, it is best to wait until the fruits are ripe. Apples can be tested for ripeness by tasting, observing the colour of the apple, or by checking for the presence of seeds. Overripe apples can be washed, cored and frozen for future use. For short-term storage, keeping the apples in cool temperatures and high humidity can help preserve their freshness.
Apple Scab Control
Apple scab is a fungal disease that can cause spots to appear on the fruit, leaves and twigs. It is spread easily by rain, dew and wind, and can cause considerable damage if not managed promptly. The best way to prevent this disease is to ensure that the trees are planted in a well-drained location, as scab thrives in moist, poorly-lit areas. Additionally, rotating where the trees are planted each season and removing any fallen leaves or fruits can help to mitigate the chances of an infestation.
Staking and Supporting
Young apple trees need to be staked and supported in order to grow a strong, healthy tree. As the tree matures, the stake should be removed, as it can cause damage to the bark and joints. If the tree is still being grown in a container, it will need regular repotting to provide it with fresh soil and more manageable dimensions for harvesting. Additionally, when growing an apple tree in a container, regular pruning of the roots is essential to maintain its size and shape.
Soil Management
Apple trees prefer soil with a pH of 6.2–6.5, as this will ensure they are sufficiently supplied with the nutrients they need. If the soil is too acidic or alkaline, various amendments can be used to adjust the soil pH to the correct level. Additionally, it is beneficial to supplement the soil with compost to improve its fertility and drainage.
