Why Lemon Tree Not Growing?
In nature, lemon trees are perennials, meaning they can live for many years. That said, there are numerous reasons why a once-healthy lemon tree may fail to grow. Some common causes of stunted growth include unsuitable soil conditions, poor nutrition, inadequate water, and unfavorable temperatures. Let us take a closer look at each of these possible contributing factors.
First and foremost, soil plays a huge role in lemon tree health. The soil should have an acidity of between 5 and 6, with a deep level of organic matter. Without the correct pH, any nutrients in the soil will not be utilized correctly. Therefore, incorporate plenty of compost, rock dust, and/or mulch into the soil around the tree, to both raise its acidity and to keep it adequately aerated.
Nutrition also plays an important role. If the average monthly temperature is below 70℉ (21℃), the tree does not require fertilization. However, if the temperature is higher than this, the tree will need some Fertilome Trees and Shrubs Food once or twice a month. Also, ensure that magnesium, sulfur, zinc and iron are regularly supplied, as a lack of one or more young lemon trees may suffer from nutrient deficiencies.
Water is also absolutely essential for a health tree. The soil should be kept evenly moist, during both winter and summer. Check the soil at least once a week by pushing a finger 2-3 inches into the dirt. If it feels dry, water immediately, but not too much. Over-watering can damage the roots and eventually the entire tree, because it drowns the oxygen and promotes diseases and eventually the death of the root.
The last of the main points to consider is the temperature. Lemon trees need plenty of sunshine, with cool nights and temperatures between 55-85℉ (12-30℃). If the lemons are exposed to temperatures of 32℉ (0℃) or below, frost damage will occur, and the tree may not recover. If temperatures are consistently above 100℉ (38℃), this may also cause stunted growth and poor fruiting.
Environmental Conditions Affecting Lemon Tree Growth
Lemon trees require an optimal environment for growth, and some unpredictable conditions can lead to stunted growth. For instance, if the tree is growing in a pot, it will be subject to more rapid temperature fluctuations than those growing in the ground. Honeybees, needed for pollination, may be discouraged by cold weather and the use of insecticides near the plants. Natural predators, such as the paper wasp, can also bring an end to the desired production of lemons.
Furthermore, if the tree is growing too close to a fence or wall, it may cause an increase in the temperature of that area preventing cooler temperatures at night. The soil structure can also affect growth; for example, if the lemon tree is growing in clay, oxygen and water levels in the soil may be limited, and the tree will likely experience slower growth. Alkaline soil pH or poor drainage will cause poor nutrient uptake, and the tree may require more fertilizer to rejuvenate.
Finally, too much shade around the tree can reduce the amount of sunlight the lemon tree is exposed to and affect its growth. This could be in the form of a tree above it, buildings, walls, or even a lack of pruning to keep the canopy open. All these factors must be considered as part of a holistic approach to tree care.
Common Diseases of Lemon Trees
Although the correct environment and nutrition are required for the health of a lemon tree, diseases can occur in even the best-kept trees. Lemon trees can suffer from a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases, which can cause a decline in growth. These range from common afflictions such as rust, blight, and canker to less common visitors such as Phytophthora root rot.
The most common symptom of a fungal infection is discoloration or spotting on the leaves or fruit, and in some cases, the leaves may turn yellow and drop from the tree. This can be a telltale symptom of bacterial or fungal infection, but without a proper diagnosis it is impossible to know the underlying cause. In cases of bacterial infection, there may be red or orange growths that look like soot on the leaves. These are caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae.
Furthermore, Phytophthora root rot is a fungal disease caused by the Phytophthora fungus. Symptoms of this disease include yellowing leaves and discoloration of the bark near the base of the tree. It is not uncommon for the tree to eventually die if it is not treated quickly. Other symptoms are stunted growth, wilting of the younger leaves, and dark lesions on branches and stems.
Pest Problems That Can Affect Lemon Trees
Along with diseases, lemon trees can also be affected by a wide range of pests. Common pests that feed on lemon trees include leaf-sucking insects such as aphids and mealybugs, as well as bacterial feeding worms like psyllids. These pests can damage or kill the tree if left to their own devices.
In cases of sever infestation, there may be a need for chemical treatments. However, it is advisable to first try organic methods such as horticultural oils, insecticidal soaps, neem oil, and ladybird beetles. If these methods are not successful, then a more targeted chemical approach may be necessary.
In addition to these pests, fungus gnats, root knot nematodes, and scale can also infect the tree and affect its growth. Fungus gnats are tiny, flying insects and are usually found in damp soil, while root knot nematodes are microscopic roundworms that can enter the roots of the tree and deplete the nutrients in the soil. Scale bugs, on the other hand, are small brown insects that feed on the juice of the tree and are hidden under the tree’s bark.
The Importance of Pruning
Pruning, or the selective removal of branches, is an essential part of ensuring a healthy and productive lemon tree. This is done for several reasons: to remove weaker and unproductive branches, to shape the tree, to control its size and vigor, and to remove branches that are blocking sunlight and air circulation. Pruning is best done during the dormant season, when the tree is not actively growing.
When pruning, a good practice is to always cut above the bud, as this will encourage new, healthy growth. It is also important to make sure that the tools used are clean and sharp. Dull blades will cause damage to the tree and may even encourage disease. Pruning should be done carefully and not excessively, as too much can stunt the development of the tree.
Although pruning may seem like a daunting task for some, it is essential for healthy and plentiful harvest and for the overall growth of the lemon tree. With the proper care and consideration, a well-pruned lemon tree should last for many years and produce an abundance of fruit.
