Background Information
Avocado trees (Perseaamericana Mill.) are a hardy, shallow-rooted evergreen that originated from Central and South America. Historically, avocado growing has been restricted to warmer climates due to the fact that it requires temperatures of between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit for proper growth and fruiting, although certain varieties can tolerate temperatures as low as 45°F. In the US, areas that have reported successful avocado production include Florida, California, and Hawaii.
Growing Avocado in Maryland
Growing avocado trees in Maryland, or in any other region with temperatures cooler than those mentioned above, is a difficult proposition. Avocado trees are very sensitive to cold weather, and the temperatures in Maryland can plummet to below freezing in the winter months. Freezing temperatures can damage the roots of the tree, and if the tree is immature, it can be killed. In addition to the cold, Maryland is also located in USDA Hardiness Zone 6-7 and can endure winds of up to 16 mph. This combination of factors makes growing avocado trees in Maryland a difficult endeavor.
Options for Maryland Residents
For those who still wish to grow an avocado tree in Maryland, there are a few options available. The most likely way would be to purchase a cold-hardy variety of avocado, such as a grafted ‘Winter Luxury’ or ‘Bacon’, and plant it in a sheltered area of the yard. Avocado trees are tolerant of relatively high winds, so if the shelter is provided, the trees should be able to withstand the colder temperatures. While the cold temperatures may damage the leaves of the tree, the trunk and bloodstream should remain undamaged and the tree should be able to recover.
Another option for those living in Maryland is to look for a local nursery that sells hardy cold-dormant avocado trees. These trees go dormant in the winter, but can withstand temperatures down to 10°F. By purchasing a cold dormant avocado tree, you are ensuring that the tree has already adapted to the cold temperatures of Maryland.
Care of Cold Hardy Avocado Trees
When planting your cold hardy avocado tree in Maryland, it is important to remember that avocados require full sun to thrive. If adequate sun exposure is not provided, the growth of the tree will be stunted. Additionally, avocados require well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. If the soil has a high clay content, the addition of sand or compost to the soil can help improve drainage. It is also important to water the tree regularly to encourage growth. The tree should be watered deeply a few times a week, depending on the amount of rainfall the area receives.
A Final Word
In summary, growing an avocado tree in Maryland is a difficult proposition due to the cold temperatures and high winds. However, with the proper care and cold-hardy variety, it is possible to grow a healthy avocado tree in the state. It is important to remember, however, that avocado trees are sensitive to cold and may require extra protection in the winter months. With the right variety and location, it is possible to grow an avocado tree in Maryland.
How Long Before an Avocado Tree Bears Fruit?
It is important to note that avocado trees can take a long time to bear fruit. Generally speaking, trees planted from seed will take anywhere from 5-13 years to bear fruit, depending on the variety. If a grafted tree is purchased, it can take two to three years for it to bear fruit. However, it is possible to get fruit within the first year if the tree is planted in a favorable climate, is planted correctly and is given proper care.
What Type of Soil Is Best for Growing an Avocado Tree?
Avocado trees prefer well-drained soils with a high organic matter content. The soil should be light and loose, and it should have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. If the soil is too clayey, then sand or compost can be added to improve drainage. Additionally, a 2-3” layer of mulch can help to retain moisture in the soil, as well as keep weeds at bay.
How do I Care For an Avocado Tree?
Avocado trees require a good amount of sunlight, regular water, and careful fertilizing. The tree should receive at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day and should be watered whenever the soil begins to dry out. The tree should be fertilized with a balanced fertilizer (containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) once a month during the growing season.
What are the Common Diseases and Pests Affecting Avocado Trees?
Avocado trees can suffer from a number of common diseases, such as root rot, anthracnose, and avocado fire blight. They can also be affected by a wide range of pests, including mites, aphids, and scale insects. Proper pest and disease control should be implemented to keep the tree healthy and free of these pests and diseases.
How Can I Protect an Avocado Tree in Cold Weather?
When temperatures drop below 45 degrees Fahrenheit, avocado trees will need to be protected. In areas with cold winters, mulch can be used to insulate the tree and keep in moisture. A layer of burlap can also be used to protect the tree from cold winds. Additionally, the tree should be sheltered from strong winds and growing it in an area that is protected from cold temperatures and winds can help it to survive the winter.
