Climate Requirements for Growing Avocado Trees in Missouri
Avocados are a popular subtropical fruit grown in many countries throughout the world, but did you know that avocados can also be grown in the state of Missouri? It might seem surprising, but with the right climate conditions, it is possible to grow an avocado tree in Missouri. To best understand the climate requirements for growing avocados in Missouri, it’s helpful to take a look at the general climate conditions that are most conducive to healthy avocado growth.
Avocado trees require temperatures between 50 and 95 degrees Fahrenheit, which can be found year-round in most subtropical climates. Avocados typically need high rainfall to keep them well-hydrated and thriving, between 15 and 24 inches of water annually. Additionally, avocados require high humidity for successful growth, ideally between 60 and 80 percent.
Can Avocados be Grown in Missouri?
Ultimately, Missouri’s climate does not provide optimal conditions for avocado growth. While the state does experience suitable average temperatures for growing avocados, especially in the southwestern corner of the state, the higher elevations experience lower temperatures and require extra care. The state experiences insufficient precipitation in the summer months as a result of the rain shadow effect from the Ozark Mountains, which is a crucial factor for growing avocados. Additionally, avocados need winter temperatures between 40 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit, which the state only experiences in the warmer southern regions.
Although the climate in Missouri can be challenging for growing avocados, it is possible with the right preparation and care. Avocado growers in Missouri need to be especially attentive to managing the soil quality and pacing irrigations. Quality soils should be rich in organic matter and well-drained while irrigation should start off slowly and during mild weather. Doing so helps regulate soil temperatures and helps avocados retain water.
Types of Avocado Trees
It is important to consider the type of avocado tree when figuring out how to grow them in Missouri. Avocado trees can be divided into four distinct categories:
A) Cold Hardy: Avocado trees that are cold-hardy and can withstand temperatures as low as 24 degrees Fahrenheit.
B) Cold Sensitive: Avocado trees that can tolerate temperatures as low as 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
C) Semi-Cold Hardy: Avocado trees that can tolerate temperatures as low as 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
D) Non-Cold Tolerant: Avocado trees that cannot tolerate temperatures below 55 degrees Fahrenheit.
Avocado trees generally need to be grown in warm climates in the lower 48 states. Some varieties, such as the cold-hardy Reed and Lyon varieties, can tolerate temperatures as low as 24 degrees Fahrenheit, making them suitable for Missouri. Cold-sensitive and semi-cold-hardy varieties, such as the Hass, Zutano and Bacon varieties can be grown in warmer regions of the state. Non-cold-tolerant varieties such as the Lamb Hass and Fuerte require a warmer climate and are not recommended for Missouri.
Special Conditions For Growing Avocado Trees In Missouri
In order to successfully grow an avocado tree in Missouri, it is important to take special care of the tree. Avocado trees cannot tolerate standing water, so it is important to ensure that the planting location has great drainage and is in full sun. Planting a heat-resistant cotton cover to protect the tree from wind and excessive sunlight can be beneficial in hotter climates.
Another important factor to consider is the soil fertility and acidity of the planting location. Avocado trees need semi-fertile, slightly acidic soil, so growers should monitor their soil levels and amend as needed. Additionally, it is important to start off with small doses of fertilizer, increasing gradually as the tree develops.
Seasonal Considerations
Avocado trees will respond differently to climate conditions at different times of year. In summer, the trees need more water, as the higher temperatures and abundant sunlight will require more water for the tree. In winter, the trees should be watered less, as the lower temperatures and shorter days mean the tree will need less hydration and care. Additionally, the tree should be covered in the colder months with a protective layer to reduce the risk of damage from extreme cold.
Avocado Pests and Disease
Avocado trees are susceptible to various pests and disease that can further impact their growth. Common pests, such as mealybugs, scale, and aphids, can cause damage to leaves and even kill the tree. Common diseases include root rot and stem blight, which can be treated by using an appropriate fungicide. It is important to be vigilant in monitoring the tree and treating any pests or diseases before they become too severe.
Minimizing Winter Weather Damage
Winter temperatures in Missouri can be severe, and it is important to take measures to protect the avocado tree. A layer of mulch can help insulate the tree from the cold. Wrapping the tree in burlap and a cotton cloth can help provide extra insulation, as can a cotton cover. Planting the tree in an area that receives some sun can also be beneficial in mitigating the effects of winter weather.
Recommended Growing Strategies
Growing avocado trees in Missouri requires a specific set of greenhouse management strategies. To ensure the tree is healthy and flourishing, it’s important to avoid over-pruning, ensure proper soil fertility and acidity, provide the correct amount of water throughout the year, protect the tree from pests and diseases, and protect the tree from winter weather damage. Taking all these steps can help successfully grow avocado trees in Missouri.
