Avocados are beloved by many, and more people are considering growing their own due to the increasing cost of purchasing them from the store. Unfortunately, growing avocados in Illinois can be a challenge, as the climate there is too cold for many varieties of avocado trees. The subtropical avocado will not tolerate temperatures below 55 degrees, so the trees must be sheltered from cold winter temperatures.
In order for an avocado tree to thrive in the Illinois climate, gardeners should select a variety that is resilient and hardy. The cold-tolerant varieties, such as the Duncan, Gwen and Zutano, are suitable for the Illinois climate and can withstand temperatures as low as 28 degrees. When selecting a variety, it is important to note that some varieties take longer to bear fruit than others, and the yield of the tree depends on climate, care, and luck.
In addition to selecting the right variety, it is important to provide optimal growing conditions for the avocado tree. The tree should be planted in well-draining soil in order to avoid root rot and other fungal diseases. Avocado trees also require plenty of sunshine and should be sheltered from strong winds, as they can damage the foliage and flowers. Additionally, an avocado tree should be regularly fertilized with a balanced fertilizer in order to ensure that it is receiving all of the necessary nutrients.
Although growing an avocado tree in Illinois may be challenging, it is not impossible. With the right variety and optimal growing conditions, an avocado tree can thrive in the Illinois climate. However, it is important to keep in mind that, because of the colder climate, the tree will take longer to bear fruit and the yield may be lower than what one would find in a warmer climate.
Preparing for Cold Weather
While many cold-tolerant varieties of avocado can survive temperatures as low as 28 degrees, it is important to provide additional protection for the tree during periods of extreme cold. A layer of mulch around the tree can help to insulate the roots and protect them from freezing temperatures. Wrapping the trunk of the tree with a burlap cloth can also provide additional insulation and protect it from freezing temperatures. Additionally, it is important to water the avocado tree during periods of drought, but it is important to take care not to overwater it, as this can lead to root rot.
In order to protect the tree from extreme cold, it is important to prune the tree of any dead or dying branches, as these can provide pathways for cold air to enter the tree. Pruning can also help to promote growth, as it encourages the tree to focus its energy on healthy branches rather than on those that will not bear fruit. Additionally, pruning will help to shape the tree and make it easier to provide shelter from strong winds.
In order to further protect the tree from extreme cold, gardeners can cover the tree with a sheet of plastic and layer mulch over the sheet. This will not only help to insulate the tree and protect it from freezing temperatures, but it will also help to keep the soil warm and prevent it from becoming too dry.
Care and Maintenance
In order for an avocado tree to thrive in Illinois, it is important to provide it with regular care and maintenance. The tree should be regularly watered and fertilized, as this will help to ensure that it is receiving all of the necessary nutrients to grow and bear fruit. Additionally, it is important to monitor the tree for signs of disease, such as fungus and mold, and to take steps to address these issues as soon as they are detected. Finally, pruning is an important part of caring for an avocado tree, as it helps to encourage healthy growth and prevent the tree from becoming too large and unwieldy.
The best way to care for an avocado tree in Illinois is with preventative maintenance. This includes regularly monitoring the tree for signs of disease and taking steps to address any issues as soon as they are detected. Pruning is also an important part of preventative maintenance, as it helps to shape the tree and encourage healthy growth. Additionally, applying mulch around the base of the tree can help to protect the roots from extreme cold and keep the soil moist and nourished.
Harvesting and Storage
Avocados are a great addition to many dishes and can be stored for up to two weeks after they have been harvested. In order to harvest the avocados, it is important to wait until the fruits are fully ripe, as harvesting them too soon can result in a nasty, bitter taste. To check for ripeness, the stem should be twisted gently and if it easily releases from the tree, then the avocado is ready to be harvested.
In order to store the avocados, the stem should be twisted off and the avocados should be stored in a cool, dark place. The fruits should not be stored in the refrigerator, as this can damage the flavor and texture of the avocados. If an avocado is cut open, the remaining portion should be wrapped tightly in plastic wrap or stored in an airtight container in order to prevent it from oxidizing.
It is also important to check the avocados regularly for signs of decay, as these fruits do not last forever. If the avocados have gone bad, they should be discarded immediately, as they can be a health hazard if they are eaten.
Troubleshooting
Avocado trees can be quite temperamental, and there are many conditions that can negatively affect the health of the tree. Pests, such as ants and aphids, can be a major nuisance, as they feed on the foliage, flowers, and fruits of the tree. In order to avoid an infestation, it is important to regularly check the tree for signs of insects, and to take immediate action should an infestation occur.
Fungus and mold is another common issue for avocado trees, particularly if the soil is too moist or if the tree is exposed to too much rain or humidity. In order to prevent fungal diseases, it is important to regularly check the soil and take steps to ensure that it is well-draining. Additionally, it is important to prune away any dead or diseased branches, as this can help to minimize the spread of disease.
Finally, it is important to check the tree for any signs of nutrient deficiency, such as yellowing leaves or stunted growth. If the tree is showing signs of nutrient deficiency, it should be fertilized immediately in order to ensure that it is receiving the proper nutrition to thrive.
Branching Out
In addition to growing an avocado tree in Illinois, it is also possible to grow other varieties of subtropical fruit, such as mangoes and lychees. These fruits are well-suited to the Illinois climate and can be grown in the same way as an avocado tree. It is important to note that these fruits take longer to bear fruit than avocados and the yield may be lower than what one would find in a warmer climate.
When selecting a variety of fruit to grow in Illinois, it is important to select one that is resilient and hardy, as these are more likely to survive in the colder climate. Additionally, it is important to provide the tree with proper care and maintenance, such as regular pruning, fertilizing, and watering. Finally, it is important to provide adequate protection for the tree during periods of extreme cold, such as covering the tree with a sheet of plastic and laying mulch over the sheet.
Where to Plant
Once a variety of fruit has been selected, it is important to find a suitable spot to plant the tree. As with avocados, it is important to choose a location that is sheltered from strong winds and receives plenty of sunlight. Additionally, the soil should be well-draining in order to prevent root rot and other fungal diseases. The tree should be planted in a hole that is twice as deep and twice as wide as the root ball of the tree and should be firmly packed.
Once the tree is planted, it is important to water it deeply and regularly in order to ensure that it is receiving the proper nutrients and moisture to grow. Additionally, it is important to fertilize the tree regularly with a balanced fertilizer in order to ensure that it is receiving all of the necessary nutrients. Finally, it is important to prune any dead or dying branches in order to encourage healthy growth and shape the tree.
Reaping the Rewards
Growing an avocado tree in Illinois can be a challenging, yet rewarding endeavor. With the right variety and ample care and maintenance, one can reap the rewards of growing their own avocado tree in the chilly climate of the Illinois. Not only will one enjoy the delicious fruits of their labor, but they can also rest assured knowing that they have conquered the challenge of growing an avocado tree in an inhospitable climate.
