Overview
Avocado trees can range in size from relatively small shrubs to fairly large trees. The size of an avocado tree can vary depending on the type and amount of care it receives, as well as its growing environment and age. Avocados are subtropical fruit that grow in warm climates, and require a minimum of 8 hours of full sun each day to produce good fruit. Knowing how big an avocado tree can reach is important for tree selection, proper planting and space planning.
Avocado Tree Size Variation
The size of an avocado tree varies significantly, depending on the variety, the size of the rootstock and the care it receives. Dwarf varieties reach a mature height of about 8 feet, while standard varieties reach about 30 feet. Unmanaged trees, which receive little to no pruning, may reach heights of up to 60 feet, but this is uncommon.
Rootstock size also affects the tree size. Trees grown on a dwarf rootstock reach smaller mature heights. On the other hand, trees grown on a semi-dwarfing rootstock will be larger than those grown on dwarf rootstocks, and reach heights of around 15 feet.
Avocados planted in a container will generally remain shorter throughout their lifespan. Containers also restrict the growth of the tree, so even a standard variety can be kept very small.
Care Tips
Regardless of the type, avocado trees require a minimum of 8 hours of full sun per day to produce a good crop. In addition, the soil should be well draining, have a pH between 6 and 7, and be high in organic matter. Furthermore, depending on the climate, regular watering may be necessary to keep the tree healthy.
For larger trees, pruning is necessary to keep them in a manageable size. Pruning should always be done in late winter or early spring. Trim off suckers that are growing near the base of the tree, dead or diseased branches, and branches that are growing inwards. Doing this will promote air circulation, encourage strong structure and reduce the risk of disease.
Growth Rate
In general, avocado trees grow fairly quickly. With tips on proper nutrition and watering, young trees can easily add one or two feet to their height each year. One unique benefit of avocados is that growers can maximize their crop size and shape their trees much faster than other fruit trees. Large, mature trees also need little pruning, as they usually self-prune naturally.
Soil Rules
Avocado trees prefer sandy loam soil which is well-draining, so make sure the soil in your garden or patio is appropriate. If gardening in a container, use a professional quality potting mix that is designed for use with fruit trees. Avoid using the local soil in your container, as it likely isn’t the right type of soil and can contain pests and diseases.
Discuss With Experts
Several factors such as variety, rootstock, and climatic conditions will affect the size of an avocado tree. Therefore, it is always best to speak with an expert before planting. Contact your local horticulture or agricultural extension to find out more about the type of avocado tree that will best suit your needs and space.
Pesticides
Avocado trees are susceptible to several common pest problems such as mealybugs, thrips and aphids. If these pests are present in large numbers, it is best to contact a certified pest control expert who can assess the infestation and provide suitable advice. It is important to note that chemical sprays should only be used as a last resort, since there are several natural methods of controlling pests.
Harvesting
Avocados reach maturity in 8 to 10 months; however, the length of time between flowering and harvesting depends on the variety and climate. To check if the avocado is ripe, press the skin; if it is soft but yields to gentle pressure, it is probably ready to be harvested.
Weather Factors
Avocados require an average temperature of 65 to 75°F and need to be protected from frost. If a freeze comes too quickly and unexpectedly, the outer leaves may turn yellow and drop. If the temperature drops below 30°F for an extended period of time, the tree will die.
Container Gardening
Growing avocado trees in containers can be a great way to enjoy the fruit of an avocado tree without taking up too much space. Select a container that is at least 20 inches in diameter and 30 inches deep, as larger containers will allow for better root growth and nutrient uptake. Additionally, make sure to use a potting mix and fertilizer designed for fruit trees to ensure proper nutrition.
Soil Drainage
Good soil drainage is critical to the growth of an avocado tree, as it encourages healthy root growth and prevents root rot. Activated charcoal can be added to the container mix to help with drainage and reduce the risk of root rot.
Fertilization
Avocado trees benefit from regular fertilization throughout the growing season, in order to promote healthy foliage and fruit production. Slow release fertilizers should be applied in one to two inch layers and allowed to slowly distribute their nutrients over the course of several months.
Pruning Techniques
Proper pruning can help to shape and maintain a healthy avocado tree. Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead, damaged or diseased branches, as well as any suckers growing near the base of the tree. Pruning in this manner helps to encourage air circulation, which can help to keep pests and diseases at bay.
Foliar Sprays
Foliar sprays provide an easy and cost-effective way of supplying trees with nutrients. Avocado trees need to be watered regularly, so foliar sprays can help to maintain balanced nutrition. Apply a gentle spray of diluted seaweed extract or organic fertilizer solution every two weeks during the growing season.
Water Practices
It is essential to monitor water requirements for avocado trees, as too much or too little will both have negative effects. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, so check the soil several times a week to determine if the tree needs additional water. Most avocado varieties require an average of 68 quarts of water per week, so make sure to observe this amount.
