Basic Care
Cherries make for a great addition to any garden. While cherries are a relatively easy fruit tree to grow, proper care is necessary in order to ensure a successful harvest. Cherry trees need to be planted in full sun and in well-drained soil, as the roots will rot in wet soil. While cherry trees do not require much fertilizer, they should be fertilized with a balanced fertilizer in the spring and fall. Additional pruning will also be necessary to maintain an ideal shape.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to ensure a successful fruit harvest. Pruning should be done in the early spring with young cherry trees, as large-scale pruning is not recommended. The goal of pruning is to keep the shape of the tree balanced, to promote air circulation, and to remove any dead or diseased branches. Pruning can be done using sharp pruning shears, lopers or saw.
Watering
Cherry trees require a moderate amount of water but too much or too little can cause a problem. Once the tree is established, it should be watered deeply about twice a week. Drought-like conditions may require additional watering. When watering, water at the base and avoid the leaves, to help prevent diseases from forming.
Pests and Diseases
Pests and diseases can become a problem if a cherry tree is not properly maintained. The most common pests are aphids, mites, and thrips. To prevent them, use an insecticide specifically designed for cherry trees. Diseases can also be an issue and the most common are bacterial canker, crown rot, and black knot. If a cherry tree is showing signs of disease, it should be treated with a fungicide or other type of treatment.
Harvesting
When the cherries are ripe, they 1should be harvested as soon as possible. To tell when the cherries are ripe, gently squeeze the cherry and if it gives slightly, it is ready to pick. It is best to pick the cherries in the morning when the fruits are cool. Cherries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Grafting
Grafting is a method of combining parts of two plants in order to create a new and improved variety. Grafting is often used to multiply a desired variety, or to combine different varieties in order to widen the range of characteristics. Grafting also enables the cherry tree to become sturdier and able to withstand various conditions.
Dormancy
During the winter, cherry trees go into dormancy. During this time, all the leaves will fall off and the tree will be bare. It is important to prune the tree during dormancy, as the leaves will obscure where branches need to be removed. Pruning during this time will help to create a successful fruit harvest in the following season.
Pest Management
It is important to monitor cherry trees for pests as they can cause damage and reduce yields. The most common pests that attack cherry trees are aphids, mites, and thrips. To prevent an infestation, use a pesticide specifically designed for cherry trees. Monitoring for pests regularly can help ensure a successful harvest.
Fertilizing
Fertilizing is an important factor in maintaining healthy cherry trees. Fertilizing should be done in the spring and fall, using a balanced fertilizer. This will help to ensure that the trees are receiving the essential nutrients they need to grow and produce healthy fruit.
Pollination
Cherry trees require cross-pollination in order to produce fruit, as they do not self-pollinate. This can be done by planting two different varieties of cherry trees, or by hand-pollinating the flowers with a small paintbrush. By doing this, the cherry tree will be able to produce fruit.
Pest Control
To prevent pests from causing damage to the cherry tree, there are a few things that can done. One is to use a pesticide specifically designed for cherry trees. This will help to eliminate any pests that attempt to feed on the tree. Additionally, it is important to inspect the tree regularly for pests, as early detection is key in controlling an infestation.
Harvest Timing
Harvest timing is important to ensure a successful fruit harvest. Most cherry varieties require 100 to 150 chill hours, meaning the tree needs to experience a certain amount of cold temperatures in order to produce fruit. Once the chill hours are met and the leaves have started to fall, it is the right time to harvest.
Storing Cherries
Cherries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. When storing, it is important to protect them from any contact with water, as this can cause them to spoil quickly. Additionally, they should never be washed before storing as this will reduce their shelf life.
Soil Preparation
It is important to prepare the soil before planting a cherry tree. The soil should be well-drained and the pH should be between 6.0 and 6.5. Adding compost or manure to the soil can also help to improve the soil quality. Additionally, it is important to provide adequate drainage for the tree, as the roots will rot in wet soil.
Spraying
Spraying is necessary to protect the cherry tree from diseases and pests. There are different products available for this purpose, such as fungicides and insecticides. It is important to read and follow the directions on the product label, as improper or excessive use of these products can be dangerous.
Pruning Schedule
Pruning plays an important role in cherry tree maintenance, as it promotes air circulation and removes dead or diseased branches. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring while the tree is still dormant. Pruning should also be done regularly, as this will ensure that the shape of the tree remains balanced and it will promote healthy fruiting.
