A cherry tree has been an integral part of many cultures for centuries. From Native Americans to European settlers, the cherry tree holds a special place in many hearts. It is known for its attractive, colorful blooms and its delicious fruit. But what does a cherry tree itself actually look like?
The contemporary cherry tree is a member of the Prunus genus, which falls within the rose family (Rosaceae). The tree is unique because it blossoms in the winter rather than spring or summer. It has a round, upright structure, with a curved canopy and vigorous growth pattern. The beautiful white blooms offer a bonus to gardeners, as they also attract bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects.
Historically, cherry trees have ranged in height from 65-75 feet, with a trunk size of about 2-4 feet in diameter. The bark is a violet-gray color and may become scaly or ridged in areas with strong winds and harsh weather. The leaves are glossy, oval in shape, and usually a dark greenish-brown color.
The size and shape of cherry tree fruit vary according to the species. Sour cherries, for example, are typically smaller in size and a rounder shape than sweet cherries, which are usually larger. The sweet cherries are usually a deep-red or yellowish-white color. They are succulent and juicy, with a sweet fragrance that often wafts through the air around them. With excellent color, scent, and flavor, cherry tree fruits make a beautiful addition to any garden.
Experts say that cherry trees are easy to grow and conserve moisture well. They prefer well-drained, fertile soil and full sun. Cherry trees require additional planting and maintenance, such as pollinators, pruning, and pest control, but they are hardy trees that can withstand hot temperatures and drought conditions better than other fruit tree varieties.
Cherry trees come in many varieties, from sweet and sour cultivars to those with showy, fragrant blooms. Gardening experts recommend planting multiple cherry tree varieties for the best yields and for a more attractive landscape. In addition, it’s best to alternate cultivars for cross-pollination and more diverse fruit. This is because different cherry tree cultivars need different types of pollinators to set fruit.
In conclusion, cherry trees are an ideal choice for home gardeners or commercial farmers due to their low maintenance, ornamental appeal, and diverse fruit yields. Beautiful white flowers, a round shape, and glossy foliage make them an eye-catching addition to any landscape. The various types of cherry varieties, from sweet to sour and from colorful to fragrant, provide plenty of options for gardeners to select from so that each garden is uniquely beautiful and successful.
Cultivation and Care for Cherry Trees
Cherry trees are not particularly finicky, however, extra care during planting and the first season will help ensure success. Once in the ground, ensure that the soil remains moist – too much or too little water can limit the development of fruit. Pruning is essential as cherry trees are vigorous growers and blocked sunlight will stunt or delay fruit production. Trim and shape the tree in summer while the fruit is still ripening.
Fertilization is an important consideration when growing cherry trees. A general purpose fertilizer, preferably organic, applied at planting time. An annual fertilizer that includes magnesium will help encourage fruit production. A magnesium shortfall can cause juvenile leaves to yellow – a condition called light chlorosis. Apply fertilizer following label instructions and in the recommended amounts.
Cherry trees require pollination to set and produce fruit. To accomplish cross-pollination of different cherry varieties, grow two or more cherry varieties that are suitable for local growing conditions. This is more important for sweet cherries than for sour cherries.
Pest control is another essential element for successful cherry growing. The main pests of cherry trees are aphids, borers, and birds. Aphids and borers can be controlled with organic sprays or organic oils, such as neem or neem oil products. Birds can be deterred using netting or bird repellents.
Advantages of Growing Cherry Trees
The primary advantage of growing cherry trees is the plentiful yield of delicious fruit. While cherries are often expensive at the store, a successful cherry orchard can produce far more than a single family can consume, and the remainder can be sold or given away. Many varieties store well and can be used in cooked applications, such as pies, or be frozen for future use.
Cherry trees can also offer aesthetic advantages. The bright white blossoms in the spring, followed by large, red or yellow fruits in the summer, can make a yard or garden spectacular. Plus, cherry trees are fairly low-maintenance and can often be grown without additional pest or disease control.
Cherry trees also have advantages from an economic standpoint. Small orchards can be successful commercially and some varieties, such as sweet cherries, can bring a premium price. Sweet cherries are especially in demand due to the fact that they can’t be grown in all states.
Finally, cherry tree bark and leaves are popular ingredients in traditional medicine. The bark has anti-inflammatory properties, and the leaves can be brewed into teas for various purposes, including pain relief and digestive health.
Growing Cherry Trees in Different Environments
Cherry trees can be grown successfully in many different regions, although some are more suited than others. The most important factor is the climate. Cherry trees can tolerate cold weather, but they do not do well in hot, humid climates. They particularly thrive in coastal and mountain regions along the West Coast, where temperatures are cooler, but mild winters still allow fruit production.
The soil is another important factor. Cherry tree roots prefer well-drained soil. Sandy soils, deep loam soils, and clay soils all make good cherry growing grounds with optimal drainage. Soils high in organic matter are also beneficial, as this helps retain moisture and prevent weed growth, both of which are important for cherry trees.
Finally, it’s important to note that different cherry varieties are better suited for different environments. Sour cherries require more cold than sweet cherries, for example. And some cherry varieties, such as Montmorency and Bing, are better able to withstand harsh climates than others. So do your research to select the best variety for your climate.
Harvesting and Storing Cherries
Cherries should ripen as they hang on the tree, and they should not be stored on the tree, as this will cause the fruit to overripen and rot. Instead, cherry picking should be done as soon as the fruit is ripe. Some varieties will keep for up to three weeks under refrigeration, but others may need to be eaten or processed immediately.
When selecting ripe cherries, look for ones that are plump and firm, with a deep-red or yellowish-white color. Ripe fruits will pull off easily and be quite juicy. Slightly underripe cherries can still be harvested, however, as they will ripen in the days following picking. Be sure to keep the trees protected, as insect activity can damage the fruit.
Cherries can be stored in a cool, dry area as is or frozen for later use. For longer storage, canning or preserving can be done. Freeze cherries whole and pitted or unpitted, or make cherry jam or cherry juice. Many recipes also call for dried cherries or pureed cherries in baking and other cooked applications.
Nutrient Benefits of Eating Cherries
Cherries are an excellent source of many important nutrients and vitamins. Sweet cherries are especially high in vitamins A and C, beta-carotene, and potassium. They are a good source of iron, magnesium, and dietary fiber. Sour cherries are also high in anti-oxidants, anthocyanins, and quercetin.
The consumption of cherries can help reduce inflammation and symptoms of arthritis, help lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Cherries are low in calories but high in vitamin C, which can help strengthen the immune system and increase energy levels. Studies have also suggested that cherries may help lower the risk of certain types of cancer.
Cherries also provide numerous benefits for skin. Extracts of sweet cherries can help reduce wrinkles and improve skin elasticity and hydration. Sour cherries can help reduce acne, as well as help reduce dark spots and pigmentation occurring due to sun exposure.
Common Diseases and Pests of Cherry Trees
Cherry trees are fairly hardy and can tolerate a variety of conditions better than other fruit trees. They are particularly susceptible, however, to various types of bacterial and fungal diseases and pests. Bacterial canker, powdery mildew, brown rot, aphids, leaf spot, earwigs, tent caterpillars, and cherry fruit flies are all common diseases and pests of cherry trees.
In order to minimize the risk of disease and pest infestations, it is important to plant cherry trees in well-drained, nutrient-rich soils and regularly fertilize them. It is also essential to prune the trees regularly to promote air circulation and reduce the risk of disease. Regularly removing fallen or rotting fruit can also help prevent the spread of disease.
Pesticides and fungicides may be required in cases of extreme infestations or disease activity. If possible, select organic products, as these are less likely to cause environmental harm. Applying pesticides and fungicides requires extreme caution and should always be done according to label instructions.
