Background Information
Avocados are a nutritious and delightful tropical fruit. Grafting is one of the oldest and most reliable methods of propagating new plants. Grafting is the joining of two parts of a plant so that they act as one. This method provides improved vigor, productivity, disease tolerance, and/or other desired qualities. With a few tools and supplies of the trade, anyone can learn how to graft an avocado tree.
Tools of the Trade
Grafting an avocado tree requires minimal equipment and supplies. The only tools needed are a sharp knife, knife sharpener, grafting tape or rubber bands, and a pruning saw. The supplies necessary are a wood tree wedge, callus paste, and stock clippers or pruning shears. All of these items can be found at a local gardening or home improvement store.
Preparing the Rootstock and Scion
Once the tools and supplies have been collected, preparation of the rootstock and scion can begin. It is best to start with a healthy and vigorous rootstock, one that has been grown for at least one year. The rootstock should be about 6 to 8 inches in height, so the scion can be properly attached. A scion from a mature tree should be selected, as young shoots may have difficulty taking root. It is also important to make sure that the scion is compatible with the rootstock. The scion should have suitable size and cut.
Grafting The Trees
Once the rootstock and scion are prepared, it is time to graft the trees. The bark on the rootstock should be carefully removed in a circular shape so that the scion can fit into it. The size of the cut should not be too large, as this may cause the tree to become unstable. It is ideal to use a knife to carefully remove the bark, but pruning shears may be necessary if the bark is thick.
Attaching The Scion
Once the rootstock has been prepared, the scion should be inserted into the cut. It is important to make sure that the cambium layers are aligned, as this helps in successful grafting. The scion should be firmly embedded using rubber bands or grafting tape, and it is important to ensure that all scions have full contact with the rootstock. Once the scion is firmly attached, a wood tree wedge should be used to hold it in place.
Securing the Graft
Once the scion has been attached, it is crucial to apply a thick layer of callus paste to the incision. This will help protect the graft from bacterial or fungal infections. The graft should also be secured with grafting tape or rubber bands. This will ensure that the new scion has ample soil contact and will be firmly held in place.
Aftercare
Once the grafting process is complete, the tree needs to be given ample aftercare. The tree should be watered regularly and monitored to ensure that the scion is growing properly. If the scion is not growing, it may need to be removed and the process repeated. It is also important to check for signs of bacterial or fungal infections, and to apply a fungicide or antibiotic if necessary.
Pruning
Once the tree has been grafted and is growing healthily, it can be pruned to shape the tree and provide good air circulation. Pruning should be done carefully, as it can affect the growth of the tree. Pruning should be done only when necessary, as it can reduce the yield of the tree.
Bringing in Bees
Once the tree has been properly grafted, it is important to bring in bees or other pollinators to help with pollination of the flowers. This will help to ensure a bountiful crop of avocados. The bees should be managed carefully, as they can cause damage to the tree if not monitored. The blossoms of the tree should also be monitored to ensure that they have been pollinated properly, and to remove any unviable flowers.
Fertilizing
Fertilizing the tree will help to ensure healthy growth and a plentiful harvest. Organic fertilizers are preferred, as they contain beneficial microbes that can aid the growth of the tree. Fertilizing should be done regularly, and the amount can vary depending on the age and size of the tree.
Spraying for Bugs and Pests
It is important to spray the tree regularly to keep bugs and pests away. Organic or chemical sprays can be used, but they should be applied carefully, as they may cause damage to the tree if used too frequently. It is also important to monitor the tree for any signs of infestation, and to treat it promptly.
