How to Graft an Avocado Tree
Grafting avocados can be beneficial for both farmers and homeowners by creating productive and high-yielding trees with an extended crop season. To successfully graft avocado trees, farmers and hobbyists need to understand how to match a scion stock to the rootstock and know where and when to make cuts on both the scion and rootstock. Understanding a few basic steps makes it possible for anyone to become a proficient avocado tree grafted.
Scion stock for grafting can be collected from a long-established tree or from an area with similar climate and soil type. They should be cut in the late fall and winter when the sap is at its lowest point and can be stored for a few weeks in a cool and dark place. In general, trees with healthy fruits and thin greenish bark are a better choice for selecting a scion.
Rootstocks are chosen based on their ability to adapt to different soils and climates. Rootstocks may come from other avocado trees or from other species like laurel, walnut and mahogany.
Methodology
In order to successfully graft the avocado tree, the farmer or hobbyist needs to understand the basic steps of grafting. Here are the steps:
- The rootstock and scion stock should be clean and disease-free.
- Cut a large stem from the scion stock, about 2/3 of its length.
- Place the stem against the cut surface of the rootstock and mark with a pencil where the scion should be inserted.
- Prepare the scion stock for grafting by carefully cutting a wedge shape on one side, with the flat edge in the bottom and the sloping edge on top.
- Insert the scion onto the rootstock, making sure to match up the cuts correctly.
- Secure the scion with a plastic tie or a rubber band, making sure it is tightly secured.
- Check the graft often to make sure the scion is still securely attached and that water or nutrients do not accumulate around it.
- Once the scion begins to grow, cut off the plastic tie or rubber band.
Tips for a Successful Graft
When grafting an avocado tree, there are some important tips to ensure a successful and healthy result. Here are some tips to consider when grafting:
- Choose healthy rootstocks and scion stocks.
- Cut the scion stock with a sharp knife and ensure the cut is smooth and even.
- Match the cambium layers of the rootstock and scion when making the final cut.
- Securely fasten the scion with a plastic tie or rubber band.
- Water the tree regularly until the scion takes root.
- Protect the graft from direct sunlight and drafts.
- Thin out fruit periodically to prevent branch breakage.
What Are the Benefits of Grafting?
Grafting has numerous benefits over trying to propagate an avocado tree from its seeds. Grafting is a much faster and more reliable method of creating healthy and productive trees. Grafted trees tend to have higher yields and better-quality fruit than trees created from seeds. Grafted trees are less prone to disease and other harsh weather conditions like cold nights, excessive winds and poor soils.
Common Types of Avocados
There are many different varieties of avocado, including the Hass and Fuerte varieties, which are the most popular. The Hass variety is the most well-known and is generally preferred due to its easy to peel skin and nutty flavor. The Fuerte variety is also popular for its flavorful and creamy taste, but it is not as easy to peel. Other varieties include the Bacon, Pinkerton and Shepard avocados.
Grafting Supplies and Tools
Grafting an avocado tree requires some basic supplies and tools. A sharp knife, a grafting rubber or plastic tie and a pair of pruning shears are some of the important tools for successful grafting. It is also important to have clean and lubricated tools to prevent disease. Additionally, it is important to have a clean and sanitary work area to ensure the successful grafting of the avocado tree.
Harvesting From Grafted Avocado Trees
Grafted avocado trees will begin to produce fruit within two to three years. The fruits should be harvested when the skin is green and the fruit is slightly soft to the touch. Avocados should be allowed to ripen fully before picking, as this will ensure the best flavor and texture. Grafted avocado trees tend to have higher yields than non-grafted varieties and have a longer shelf life as well.
Genetic Variability From Grafted Trees
When grafting avocados, a farmer or hobbyist may get some surprise results. Grafting can create genetic variability, due to the genetic material from the scion stock being transferred to the rootstock. This can result in unexpected fruit sizes, shapes, flavors and colors. This genetic variability can be beneficial for growers, as it can lead to new challenges and unexpected opportunities.
