What is an Avocado?
Avocado, or Persea americana, is an evergreen fruit tree native to Central and South America. The avocado tree belongs to the flowering plant family Lauraceae and is a close relative of the cinnamon, camphor, bay laurel, and California laurel. The fruit of the tree, referred to as the hass avocado, is classified as a drupe because of the large single seed inside. The most cultivated varieties of avocados are the Hass and the Fuerte, but other varieties include Bacon, Pinkerton, and Reed.
Avocados are very versatile and can be eaten in a variety of dishes. They are used in salads, sandwiches, vegetables, and even desserts. Due to the high fat content and creamy texture of the fruit, avocados are popular for those looking for a healthier alternative to dairy. The fruit is also high in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
How to Grow an Avocado Tree from a Seed
Growing an avocado tree from seed is a long and arduous process, but also very rewarding. To begin, gather a hass avocado that is ripe and fully developed. Gently slide a knife around the pit and pull the two halves apart. Clean the seed, being careful not to damage the brown coating over it. Next, use four toothpicks to suspend the seed halfway in a cup of water, allowing it to remain in contact with water. Place the cup in indirect light and change the water every other day. After 4-6 weeks, roots will start to emerge and a stem will grow out of the top. Allow the stem to grow until it reaches 8-10 inches. At this point, it can be transplanted into the soil.
Transplanting should be done in the spring, when the rainy season removes the need for frequent watering. To prepare the soil, dig a hole that is twice the size of the seed, removing any rocks and roots from the soil. Fill the hole with well-draining soil, spreading out evenly. Place the seed in the center of the hole, cover it with soil, and water for the first time. It is important to water the tree before the roots have time to grab onto the soil, as this will ensure that the seed does not dry out.
Growth is slow at first, and the tree may not produce flowers or fruit for several years. However, once established, the avocado tree can grow 2–3 inches a year and will flower in the summer. The avocado tree is sensitive to cold temperatures, and will need to be watered regularly. In addition, the soil should be kept moist, but not soggy.
Harvesting Hass Avocados
Once the tree has established itself and produced flowers, hass avocados will begin to form. Avocado fruit take 6 to12 months to produce, depending on the variety of tree. The way to tell when the fruit is ready to pick is to press the skin around the stem. If it gives slightly, then the fruit is ripe and can be harvested.
Once picked, the hass avocado will ripen and soften in a few days; to speed up the process, put the fruit in a paper bag with an apple or banana. When fully ripe, store avocados in the refrigerator to prevent them from going bad quickly.
Pests and Diseases
Avocado trees can be susceptible to pests and diseases, and it is important to be vigilant in order to keep the tree healthy. Common pests include snails, slugs, aphids, scale, and thrips. It is best to use natural solutions in order to prevent any harmful chemicals from entering the fruit. Fungal diseases such as root rot and anthracnose can also affect the tree, and proper soil drainage and regular pruning can help to minimize the effect.
Fertilizing an Avocado Tree
Avocado trees will benefit from regular fertilizing to encourage healthy growth and ensure an abundant crop. Fertilizer should be applied at the beginning of the summer growing season and every six weeks afterwards. Nitrogen should be added at the start of growing season, followed by phosphorus and potassium. Applying fertilizer too often can cause stress on the tree and should be done carefully to avoid damaging the roots.
Pruning an Avocado Tree
Pruning an avocado tree is important in order to keep it healthy. This includes removing any dead leaves, twigs, and branches, as well as shaping the tree. Pruning should be done at the start of the growing season, as this is when the avocado tree will be most active. Pruning also helps to promote new growth and keep the tree healthy, as well as making it easier to pick the fruit.
Why Grow an Avocado Tree?
Growing an avocado tree from seed is a rewarding and satisfying experience. Not only is it a great way to provide yourself with fresh, healthy fruit, but the tree can also aid in improving the environment. Due to its evergreen nature, the avocado tree can provide a source of shade and reduce air pollution. In addition, avocados are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them an excellent addition to any diet.
Conclusion
Growing an avocado tree from seed is an exciting and fulfilling experience that yields delicious, nutritious fruit. While it may take a few years to mature, the process is relatively simple and can be done with just a few supplies and a little bit of patience. Additionally, growing an avocado tree is not only rewarding, but it also helps to reduce air pollution and improve the environment.
