Picking the Right Avocado Varieties
Growing an avocado tree in Colorado requires selecting a variety best adapted to the environment. The most important characteristic when selecting a variety of avocado tree is chill hours, which typically ranges from 500–800 hours in Colorado. Avocado varieties that require fewer chill hours are better suited for the region. Alta Monster (500 hours), GEM (500-550 hours) and Mexicola Grande (550-800 hours) are all varieties which produce consistently good results in the state.
It is also important to consider the size of the tree. Since avocado trees are often very large in size, and need room to grow and spread, selecting an appropriate variety for a specific area of the garden or yard is essential for success. The Mexicola Grande and GEM varieties are dwarf trees, growing up to 7–15 feet in size. The Alta Monster variety grows up to 15–20 feet in size.
Soil Preparation
Avocado trees love full sun and can tolerate partial shade. Optimal soil for an avocado tree is well-drained, fertile, and sandy loam, with a pH range between 6.0 and 7.5. If the soil test suggests an undesirable soil pH, adding organic matter such as well-composted manure or microbial soil enhancers may help raise the pH level.
Watering the tree is essential and should be done it properly to ensure its growth. Avocado trees need lots of water but should not be overwatered. Depending on the weather, it is recommended to water the tree twice a week in the summer months and once a week in the winter months.
Pollination of Avocado Trees
Avocado trees are usually pollinated by insects such as bees, flies, and other pollinating critters. Most traditional varieties of avocado trees rely strongly on pest pollination for fruit production. Therefore, providing a natural habitat for pollinators by planting insect-friendly flowers is essential for successful fruit production of an avocado tree in Colorado.
Fertilization
Avocado fertilizer should be applied to the base of the tree once a year during the growing season. As avocado trees need lots of nutrients, the fertilizer should contain good amounts of potassium and nitrogen. Slow-release fertilizer should also be applied every few weeks during the growing season for optimal results.
Pruning and Training
Pruning and training is also important. Avocado branches are desired to be open and have plenty of light and ventilation within the canopy. Prune back the branches when young to effectively shape the tree and to make it easier to manage.
Harvesting
Once the tree matures, usually when it turns 5 to 8 years old, it will start producing fruit. The fruit should be inspected for skin discolorations or bruises prior to harvesting. Fruits generally ripen in late September through October, depending on the variety and weather.
Common Pests and Diseases
Avocado trees can be prone to certain pests and diseases. Common pests include scale insects, aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. Common diseases include White Root Rot, Pythium Root Disease, and stem canker. To prevent these issues, it is essential to keep a check on the soil and tree, and to inspect the tree’s branches, trunk, leaves, and fruit regularly.
Protecting Avocado Trees During Winter Months
Avocado trees are tropical plants, so in areas with cold winter months, the trees must be protected from freezing temperatures. Avocado trees (especially the GEM and Alta Monster varieties) require frost protection in the winter, either by covering the plant or using frost blankets. Make sure the wraps or frost blankets are insulated, so no water is able to get through to the tree.
Use of Plant Growth Hormones
Growth hormones can be used to encourage healthy growth and improved fruit production. These hormones are generally applied to avocado trees in the form of a foliage spray that is applied early in the season. This helps to suppress the number of flowers produced, which boosts the maturity and size of the single fruit that is produced.
Disease Prevention and Treatment
To prevent and treat any potential issues with pests, it is important to use environment friendly and natural treatments such as neem oil and other biological pest control products. To prevent and treat diseases, it is important to follow stringent sanitary protocols and use rinse-off fungicides and other sanitizing products.
Nutritional Needs
Avocado trees need proper nutrients to be able to produce healthy fruit. To ensure a rich and consistent supply of nutrients, it is important to regularly top dress the soil around the tree with organic compost or mulch. This will not only help supply the tree with the necessary nutrients, but also help prevent weeds and conserve moisture in the soil.
Conclusion
Growing an avocado tree in Colorado is possible if the proper steps are taken. It is important to select a variety of avocado tree best suited for the climatic condition of the region, and then ensure that the tree has the necessary soil, water and nutritional requirements. Proper management and care of the tree can also help ensure a successful growth and healthy fruit production.
