Recognizing the Black Cherry Tree
The black cherry tree is a very popular ornamental and is easily recognizable for its striking bark, graceful pendulous branches, and large, dark purple fruit. The species is native to North America, primarily in the eastern and southeastern United States. Black cherry trees can grow anywhere from 30 to 70 feet tall and live for up to 75 years. The leaves are oval-shaped and shiny green, turning yellow in the fall. This tree is prized for its sweet, juicy fruit that is often used in jams, wines, and other culinary delights.
Bark Characteristics
As discussed, the bark of the black cherry tree is especially distinctive, with dark gray to black ridges that can be peeled away in long strips. The tree’s trunk also has showy, attractive spots or patches that stand out as striking as compared to other species in the same genus. When looking closely at the trees Crown or canopy, you will notice that it has matching gray bark and sometimes knots on the branches, making identification easy.
Foliage
The leaves on the black cherry tree are alternate, lance-shaped, and glossy green on the upper surface. As the leaves age, the underside will turn pale blueish-green and the edges of the leaves may have teeth. In the fall, the leaves will turn yellow and drop from the tree to prepare for winter. If a branch has a leaf that is yellowing early, this may be a sign of disease or infestation.
Fruit
The most distinguishing feature of the black cherry tree is its fruit. It is the largest among the cherry tree species and is dark purple in color when ripe. These cherries can be eaten fresh or dried and stored for later use. The tart cherry juice can also be enjoyed and is used in pies and juices. There is also a black cherry syrup that is made from the fruit that can be used on pancakes and waffles.
Distinguishing Mark
The best way to identify the black cherry tree is to look for its distinctive dark-gray bark, pendulous branches, and large, dark purple fruit. Additionally, it has alternate, lance-shaped leaves that turn yellow in the fall, as well as a Crown that contains gray bark and knots on the branches. Professional arborists can also determine the species of a tree by looking closely at the tree’s growth .
Common Diseases
Unfortunately, the black cherry tree is susceptible to disease. The most common disease is called Canker. This fungus causes branch dieback, discolored foliage, and can eventually kill the tree if not treated early. The black cherry tree is also prone to pests such as the black cherry aphid and the black cherry fruit fly. Proper management and prevention of diseases and pests are essential steps to ensure the health of the tree.
Propagation
Propagating a black cherry tree is fairly easy. The most common methods are from seed or clones from other existing trees. When propagating from seed, it is important to remember that the germination rates are quite low and it may take a few seasons for the seedlings to appear. On the other hand, when propagating from clones, the success rate is high and the process is usually quick. The larger the clone, the better the chance of success.
Uses of the Black Cherry Tree
The wood of the black cherry tree is prized by woodworkers and carpenters for its fine grain and beautiful color. It is also used to make furniture, cabinets, and even musical instruments. The sweet, juicy fruit can be made into jams, juices, wines, and used to make desserts. Last but not least, this beautiful tree can be grown in yards and lends an elegant, graceful look to any landscape.
Soil and Climate Conditions
The black cherry tree prefers a cool, temperate climate and can tolerate both a lot of sun and a lot of shade. It prefers nutrient-rich, moist, well-drained soil but can also grow in poorer and drier soils. It is sensitive to frost and requires a protective covering during the cold season. The black cherry tree is not drought tolerant, so a consistent water source is needed for optimal growth.
Caring for the Tree
A healthy, well-maintained black cherry tree should not require much maintenance. The tree should be watered regularly, particularly during extended dry periods. The soil should be kept moist but not soggy and should be fertilized every two or three years. Pruning and thinning may be necessary to maximize light exposure and to minimize pests and disease. Such practices should be done by trained, experienced professionals.
Harvesting the Fruit
The black cherry tree can produce an abundance of fruit when healthy, however, it is important to remember that fruit is not ready for harvesting until it is dark purple in color, as this indicates that it is ripe. Care should also be taken that the fruit does not drop to the ground and rot, as this can encourage pests and diseases. When harvesting, a ladder may be needed and extra caution should be taken when handling the fruit to avoid injury.
Pest and Disease Control
To keep pests and diseases away from the black cherry tree, proper maintenance is necessary. This includes regularly cleaning up any fallen leaves, fruits, and debris that can attract pests. The tree should be inspected regularly for evidence of infestation or disease and any suspicious areas should be taken care of immediately. Proper pesticide and fungicide should be used and applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Harvesting the Wood
Harvesting the wood from a black cherry tree can be done at any time as long as the proper technique is used. Logging equipment should be used to safely and effectively harvest the wood without causing any damage to the tree. It is important to be mindful of ethical practices when harvesting the wood, as black cherry trees are known for their stunning beauty and graceful branches.
Future of the Black Cherry Tree
It is estimated that the black cherry tree population is rapidly declining from habitat loss and climate change. As such, it is important to protect existing black cherry trees and encourage reforestation efforts whenever possible. Professional knowledge and assistance should be sought for proper propagation, planting and maintenance of the tree for future generations to enjoy.
