Planting
Avocado trees can stay small and manageable with proper care and pruning. Pruning is most effective before the tree grows too large, and should begin when the tree is still young. The first step to keeping an avocado tree small is to plant it in the right place. A spot that gets full sun most of the day is ideal, as the tree will need plenty of light to thrive. The soil should be kept well-drained, so it’s important to take some time to make sure drainage is optimal before planting.
Watering
Regular watering is also key to maintaining a small avocado tree. While avocado trees are fairly drought-tolerant, they will require slightly more water than other trees. To ensure that the soil stays moist but not soggy, water it deeply two or three times a week. Keep an eye out for yellow, crispy leaves – a sign of water stress – and water the tree more often if necessary.
Fertilizing
Avocado trees also need to be fertilized every year to keep them healthy and to promote small growth. A balanced fertilizer or one that is higher in nitrogen will help the tree to produce healthy leaves and new growth. Follow specific application instructions on the fertilizer package and fertilize the tree in spring and fall.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for managing the growth of an avocado tree and keeping it small. Pruning should begin as soon as the tree is planted, and should be done every two or three years after that. Pruning shape and size the tree by removing any deadwood, as well as any unwanted branches that interfere with the tree’s shape. Make sure to leave the main leader in place to retain the shape of the tree.
Mulching
Surrounding the base of the avocado tree with mulch is a great way to keep its growth in check. Mulch helps to create a barrier between the tree and the soil, preventing the tree from taking up excess water and nutrients. It also helps to suppress weed growth and improve the overall health of the soil.
Pest and Disease Control
Avocado trees can be susceptible to pests and disease if not maintained properly. Inspect the tree regularly for signs of pests or disease and take steps to control them. Common pests found on avocado trees include aphids, mites, and mealybugs. Diseases such as root rot or peach can also infect the tree and should be treated immediately.
Container Growing
Another great way to keep an avocado tree small is to grow it in a large container. This is a great option for those who want to grow an avocado tree but don’t have a lot of space. Keep in mind that containers will need to be watered more often than a tree planted in the ground, and fertilizer and mulch will also need to be applied more frequently.
Fruit Picking
When the fruit ripens, picking it can help to keep an avocado tree small. Avocado trees will produce more fruit if left unpruned, and the excess weight of the fruit can cause branches to droop and break. Regular fruit harvesting, however, helps to balance out the weight of the tree, maintaining its shape and size.
Feeding Frequency
Avocado trees need to be fertilized regularly to stay healthy, but over fertilization can cause them to grow too large. To keep an avocado tree small, use a balanced fertilizer and feed it no more than three times per year. Fertilizing too often can cause excessive growth, which can weaken the tree and make it more prone to pests and diseases.
Pollination
If an avocado tree is not regularly pollinated, it will not flower or bear fruit. To encourage pollination and fruiting, it is important to plant several avocado trees in the same area, as cross-pollination is necessary for avocado production. If there are no other avocado trees nearby, hand pollination can be used.
Damage Control
Whenever possible, protect an avocado tree from damage, such as wind, hail, or other elements. Damage can weaken the tree and compromise its vigor, making it more susceptible to pests and diseases. For additional protection, place a shade cloth over the tree during hot, humid days.
Surrounding Vegetation
As trees grow, they may need additional space to spread their branches and reach their full potential. Planting other trees, shrubs, and plants in the same area can help to keep the avocado tree small. These can include smaller trees, ferns, palms, and other vegetation.
Sun Exposure
Finally, be mindful to provide the tree with plenty of sunlight. Avocado trees thrive in full sun, but too much sun can dry out the soil. To help keep the tree healthy and small, plant it in a spot that gets partial shade from nearby trees or structures.
