The cultivation of a lemon tree in a pot is a fun, simple and relatively effortless task that can be carried out all year round. All one needs is a pot, a lemon tree, nutrient-rich soil, and a minimum amount of routine maintenance. Taking proper care of a lemon tree significantly increases its chances of producing healthy and fruitful yields. Below are some tips and guidelines on how to look after a lemon tree in a pot.
Choose the Right Pot and Soil
First and foremost, it is vital to choose a pot that is suitable for a lemon tree. A large ceramic or terracotta pot is generally recommended as these materials provide proper drainage. Make sure there are plenty of drainage holes at the bottom. Then, purchase nutrient-rich soil from your local gardening or home improvement store. The soil should have a high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous for adequate growth and strength.
Position and Watering
Your lemon tree should be positioned in a bright and sunny spot that is sheltered from strong winds and extreme weather conditions like drought, frost, and heavy rain. The pot should be placed under a tree or awning to provide adequate protection. As per water requirements, it is best to water the lemon tree whenever the surface of the soil begins to dry and crack. Water should be applied gently to avoid over-watering and compromising the tree’s root system.
Fertilization and Pruning
Fertilization is an essential part of caring for a citrus tree. Every 12-14 weeks, fertilizer pellets should be applied to the surface of the soil. Make sure that the pellets do not come in contact with the tree roots. Additionally, pruning is an effective way to maintain the overall form, size and vigor of the tree. Prune any offshoots, branches, and excess foliage that might be blocking the light.
Fight off Pests and Diseases
It is recommended to inspect the lemon tree weekly for signs of potential pests and diseases. Common pests include aphids, leafhoppers, mites and mealy bugs. Any of these should be promptly dealt with using insecticidal potions. Common diseases include rust, citric wilt, collar rot and black sooty mold. A fungicide spray should be applied to prevent the spread of these. If all else fails, contact a professional or your local home improvement store for expert advice.
Repotting and Pruning Roots
Repotting is not always necessary, however it is recommended to do it at least every two to three years. This helps to ensure that the lemon tree has ample space for further growth and development. Never over-pot the tree. Start repotting by taking the tree out of the old pot and shaking away excess soil from the roots. Prune back any intertwined or overcrowding roots for improved shape and size of the tree.
Protect the Tree in Winter
If you live in a colder climate, then it is best to move the lemon tree indoors before winter. This helps protect it from possible frost damage. When bringing the tree indoors, place it near a sunny window or in a greenhouse to get enough sunlight. Temperatures should be around 10 to 12°C (50 to 55°F) for the tree to thrive.
Harvest the Lemons
Your lemon tree should start bearing fruits six to eight months after planting. Lemons should be harvested as soon as they turn yellow. Each lemon can be carefully plucked from the tree, making sure to have gloves to avoid any cuts. Alternatively, a curved pruner can also be used for harvesting.
Protection Against Frost and Sunburn
It is important to protect the lemon tree from the onset of frost and sunburn. You can do this by providing supplementary framing or adjusting the tree’s location and environment. Also, use frost-resistant blankets or plastic sheeting to wrap over the tree and the surrounding environment to provide additional insulation in winter. In summer, use a shade cloth to provide a physical barrier against direct sunlight.
Propagating the Lemon Tree
Propagating the lemon tree is an effective way to acquire more plants without spending a lot of money. For best results, it is recommended to start in late winter or early spring. Begin by carefully removing the stem cutting from the parent tree and trim the stem to a few inches in length. Finally, dip the stem cutting into a rooting compound and then place it in nutrient-rich soil. The roots should start to appear in three to four weeks.
Deep Watering Techniques
Deep watering is an effective way to ensure that the root system receives enough water, which allows the lemon tree to reach its full growth potential. The technique involves preventing water from immediately running off the surface of the soil and allowing enough time for the water to penetrate the soil deeply. This can be achieved by making use of a slow-flow watering can or drip watering system.
Controlling humidity levels
The humidity levels of your home can significantly affect your lemon tree, especially during the winter months when the air is driest. To provide adequate humidity levels, place a terracotta plate filled with water next to the pot. This will enable the evaporating water to create a humid microenvironment around the tree.
