Planting a lemon tree in a pot requires an understanding of the needs that lemon trees have in order to thrive. The process is simple, once the right pot and soil are found. First, choose a pot that’s at least twice the size of your plant’s root ball, as this will help promote healthy growth. Next, fill the pot with potting soil that is specifically made for citrus plants. Avoid using sand and gravel, as this will prevent the tree from absorbing enough water. Thirdly, dig a hole twice the size of the root ball and place the tree so that the root neck is slightly above or at ground level. Firmly pack the soil around the root base. Fourthly, water the tree thoroughly and add mulch to help it retain moisture. Fifthly, place the pot in an area that receives plenty of direct sunlight. Lastly, ensure the tree gets adequate water, especially during the growing season.
Soil needs
A lemon tree growing in a pot requires special soil to promote healthy growth. Citrus specific potting soil has higher amounts of acidity to keep the tree better nourished. Bringing soil from outdoors may contain bacteria, pests and weeds that might take over and prevent the growth of the lemon tree. Instead, buy potting soil specifically marked for citrus trees.
Location, location, location
It’s important to place the pot in an area that gets at least 6 hours of direct sunlight and is sheltered from harsh weather conditions. Too much or too little sunlight can prevent lemons from forming. Additionally, a sheltered area is necessary to protect from strong winds that may blow the tree and its pot over, causing damage.
Watering
Keeping the tree well hydrated is essential. Check the soil often to determine the watering needs of the citrus tree. In general, once a week delivering just enough water to soak the soil, should be adequate. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings and never let the tree stand in water. Water as needed during the growing months and slightly back off in winter to prevent frost damage.
Fertilizer
When lemon tree needs nutrients, fertilizer is key. Add a specific citrus fertilizer once a month during the tree’s growing season. While fertilizing, make sure to stir the mixture into the surface of the soil. Once the tree is established, fertilizing should be done twice or three times a year. Stop fertilizing in the winter when the tree is dormant.
Re-potting
Re-potting is important, especially when the root system has filled the pot. Choose a pot that is about two to three inches bigger than the old one and add fresh potting soil. If the same pot is used, repot with the same soil that was used before to build consistency. Before moving the tree, trim back the roots and keep it in the same spot with the same exposure.
Pests and diseases
The most common pests that attack lemon trees are aphids, mealybugs and scale. All of these pests suck the sap out of the leaves, stems, and fruit, leaving behind sticky residue and even holes in leaves. Leaves also can become disfigured and turn yellow. To help with pests, introduce beneficial insects, like ladybugs and lacewings, to the pot. For diseases, keep an eye out for leaf spot, which causes white or yellow spots on the leaves, or root rot, which causes yellowing of the leaves and the branches.
Nutrients
Nutrients are essential for the growth of the lemon tree, since the plant does not typically get what it needs from the soil mix. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are some of the essential macronutrients needed for the lemon tree to grow healthy. Nitrogen helps with cell growth and photosynthesis and is added with a slow-release organic fertilizer. Phosphorus helps with root development, fruit production and flowering, while potassium helps with crop strength, drought resistance and disease resistance.
Pruning
A key element of keeping the lemon tree healthy and producing is pruning. Remove any dead or dying material, trim out lanky branches and give the tree a balanced shape. Pruning also helps with air circulation, allowing the tree to get more air and light, which will help keep away pests and diseases.
Temperature and humidity
Temperature and humidity are essential for the health of the lemon tree. The tree needs warmer temperatures during the day, between 70 and 84 degrees Fahrenheit, and cooler temperatures at night. Humidity is also very important, as it helps with the absorption of nutrients from the soil. Maintaining a humidity level of 40 to 60% is optimal for citrus trees.
