Propagating lemon trees from seed can be a rewarding experience. It is important to be aware of the process and understand the appropriate timing, tools, and method. Here are the steps needed to successfully propagate your own lemon tree from seed.
Firstly, obtain seeds from a fully ripened lemon. The added advantage of using this type of seed is that the tree’s characteristics are already known, as it will mirror the parent fruit in its growth and characteristics. After everything is gathered, soak the seed in water for about 24 hours. During this time, the seed coat will soften, which will aid in its growth.
Next, the obtained seed will have to be sown in a small pot filled with soil. Because lemons prefer high temperatures, it is best to place the pot outside in direct sunlight. Opening up the seed slightly with a pair of tweezers may also help in the growth process. The seed should also be completely soaked in warm water overnight twice a week, as this will further aid in the growth.
The amount of sunlight should be regulated accordingly, as too much of it may lead to the death of the seedling. Keep the pot damp, but ensure the soil is not soggy. Lemon trees produce acid-forming carbohydrates, so it’s best to use a soil mixture with a pH level ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. It is essential to keep a consistent temperature that is neither too hot or cold.
When the seedlings start to grow, a stake will have to be installed for support. As the seedlings mature, remove the larger, weaker ones, in order to allow the strong, healthy seedlings to take over and have more room to grow. You can also repot the seedlings if needed, as this will increase their chance of survival.
Once the tree is established, it will need occasional pruning in order to maintain its desired shape and size. This can be done every two to four months, as it will keep the tree healthy and reduce its competition against other plants. Placing organic mulch around the base of the tree will also help control soil temperatures, as well as reduce evaporation.
Watering Requirements
Watering is essential when propagating a lemon tree from seed. As lemon trees are semi-drought tolerant, they need limited water during winter, and should be watered more during summer. During dry seasons, the lemon tree needs more water to avoid dehydration, and should be watered accordingly, generally twice a week.
The soil should be moist but not too soggy, as this could cause root-rot. Adding a water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks will help supplement the lemon tree and allow it to grow better. An important thing to remember is not to water too much, as too much water can be harmful
Transplanting The Lemon Tree
After the growth reaches a certain point, the lemon tree will require transplantation and should be placed in an environment that it is accustomed to. Place the potted lemon tree in an outdoor spot that is easily accessible for gardening and receive six to eight hours of sunlight a day. Planting in a wind-shielding positions, such as a south-facing wall or fence off from the wind, is ideal.
Layering mulch or porous material can also be beneficial, as this will keep the soil moist and cool, as well as help control weeds. It is important to note, however, to not overdo the mulch, as this can lead to events, such as root-rot. Placing plastic pots over the transplanted lemon tree is recommended, as this will trap the heat and block the wind.
Harvesting Lemons
Lemons can be harvested when they reach full size, and are firm and yellow. Do not wait too long to harvest, as this can make the lemon tree weak and prone to diseases. Make sure to pick the lemon carefully, as this will ensure they will not be damaged while harvesting. After picking, lemons can be stored in a cool, dry place for several weeks.
Pest Prevention and Control
Lemon trees are susceptible to pests, such as mealybugs. These pests can be removed with insecticidal soaps or oils, which can be found in most local gardening stores. It’s important to remove the affected areas, as well as the affected leaves and fruits, as this will prevent the pesticide from being spread. Physical removal of pests will be done using a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
If the tree is infected with viruses, it is essential to take the proper steps to eliminate it from the tree. Proper sanitation and prevention (such as crop rotation), can help reduce the potential of pests and diseases, and should be kept in mind when propagating a lemon tree from seed.
Soil Requirements
When propagating lemon trees from seed, it is important to pay attention to soil requirements. Lemon trees prefer a slightly acidic soil, with a pH level of 6.0 to 7.5. It is recommended to amend the soil with a combination of organic matter, such as compost, and mineral clay. The soil should be well-drained, as this avoids water-logging and root-rot.
Soil amendments, such as fertilizers, may also be beneficial for growth. Fertilizers should be used according to the tree’s age and size. Adding an iron supplement to the soil is also recommended, as this helps reduce the possibility of iron chlorosis.
Frost Protection
It is important to provide a frost protection, as lemon trees are frost sensitive and do not tolerate cold weather. If the area you’re living in is prone to frost, it is important to provide additional protection to the citruses. Place the tree in a sheltered area, such as in a greenhouse, and cover the tree with a layer of water-proof material when frost is expected.
Areas that experience colder weather (under 26F) should also implement winter protection by wrapping the tree with frost-cloth or by filling the surrounding soil with straw. This will help keep the tree warm and protected against extreme temperatures.
Fungal Prevention
Lemon trees are prone to fungal attacks, especially in humidweather. In order to help avoid such instances, it is important to regularly prune the incurable branches. Pruning should be done in order to maintain the desired shape of the tree and eliminate the risk of the fungal infections. It is also important to monitor the tree’s bark for signs of fungal infection.
Before any diseases are detected, fungicides can be used as a preventive measure to help avoid any problems that may arise. Fungicides should be applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions and mixed with the correct amount of water. If you notice any signs of fungal diseases, it is important to treat the tree immediately with fungicides.
Fruit Care
Once the lemon tree produces fruits, it is important to maintain these correctly. The fresh lemon fruits should be harvested when the color turns pale yellow. Ripening citrus fruits for a long period of time will reduce their quality and nutritional value. Fruits should also be tested for their maturity, as this will ensure they have reached their full-potential.
In the case of unseasonal rains, fruits may develop fungal diseases within them. Fruits should be regularly examined in order to detect any signs of fungal infection. In the event of infection, it is best to dispose of the fruits immediately, in order to avoid the spread of further diseases. As lemon trees are susceptible to citrus diseases, it is important to remain vigilant.
