Definition of Cherry
Cherry is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees, belonging to the Rosaceae family, being a member of the genus Cerasus and belonging to the Prunus genus. It is a woody perennial plant, with a multi-stemmed structure, containing both deciduous and evergreen leaves. Generally, it grows to a height of 10 to 15 feet, but varies in size depending on its variety.
Types of Cherry
Cherries can be divided into two main types, the sweet cherry and the sour cherry. Sweet cherries are usually larger in size and deep red in colour, whereas sour cherries are usually smaller and more acidic. Other types of cherries include the almond-like Amarelle, the distinctive Morello, the juicy Marasca, and the dark black Bigarreau.
Adaptations of Cherry Trees
Cherry trees possess a number of adaptations that enable them to thrive in different climates and conditions. For instance, the hairs on the leaves and stems act as a natural sunscreen and protect the tree from the extreme temperatures of the winter months. In addition, the trees have developed a way to prevent water loss, by means of closing their stomata at night. Also, the thick bark helps protect the tree from fires and disease.
Is Cherry a Tree or a Shrub?
The debate as to whether cherry is a tree or a shrub has been ongoing for some time. While the consensus among horticulturalists is that cherry is indeed a tree, some experts disagree and classify it as a large bush or shrub. Those that support this view point to the fact that cherry trees have a more compact canopy, a bushier shape and their growth can be limited.
Characteristics of a Tree
In general, for a plant to be considered a tree it must possess certain characteristics. Firstly, it must have a distinct trunk with a number of branches that extend from it, and be able to reach a certain height. Secondly, the tree must produce a type of woody bark that enables it to remain alive for an extended period of time, even in fluctuating temperatures.
Cherry is a Tree?
When looking at cherry in relation to the definition of a tree, it can be said that cherry is indeed a tree. With a distinct trunk and branches, it is able to reach heights of up to 15 feet, making it tall enough to be classified as a tree. The bark of the cherry tree is also thick enough to protect it from fire and diseases. In addition, the woody branches and trunk allow the tree to remain alive for more than one year, making it qualify as a tree.
Cherry is Not a Shrub?
Those who classify cherry as a shrub cite a number of factors to back up their opinion. Firstly, the branches and foliage of cherry trees tend to be very dense and bush-like, which together with the height of the tree, gives it a more shrub-like appearance. Secondly, the growth of the tree can also be limited, leading some to believe it is not a true tree.
Cultivation of Cherry Trees
Cherry has been cultivated for centuries and is widely grown in the United States, Europe, Northern Africa, and Central Asia. In the U.S., it is primarily grown for its fruit production, with Oregon, Washington, and California being the top cherry-producing states. Other states with a significant cherry production include Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania.
Different Varieties of Cherry
There are over 100 varieties of cherries and they vary in color, size, sweetness, and acidity. Some of the most popular varieties include the sweet Bing and Rainier, the tart Morello, the juicy Marasca, and the black Bigarreau.
Uses of Cherry
Cherries have a multitude of uses and can be eaten fresh, canned, dried, juiced, frozen, and even made into wine. They are also used to make jams, jellies, syrups, cakes, pies, and other deserts. In addition, cherries can also be used to make savory dishes, with the most popular being cherry sauce or cherry glaze.
Health Benefits of Cherries
Cherries are a very nutritious fruit, containing a good amount of vitamins and minerals as well as antioxidants. Studies have also shown that they can help reduce inflammation, improve sleep quality, and even boost the immune system, making them a great addition to any diet.
Harvesting of Cherries
Cherries are typically harvested in the summer months, depending on their variety and the region. The fruit is usually picked by hand and although machines are sometimes used, the majority of cherries are still harvested by hand.
Environmental Impact of Cherry Production
Cherry production has a significant environmental impact and has been found to be a major source of air pollutants, such as ethylene, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. This can lead to degradation of air quality and have a negative impact on human health. In addition, the use of pesticides and fertilizers has also been linked to water contamination and soil degradation.
