Introduction
Cherry trees are a plurispecific genus of deciduous and evergreen trees native to temperate Eurasia and North America. Cherry trees have a reputation as a beautiful and iconic flowering tree as well as an edible fruit tree. Cherry tree species fall under two categories:deciduous and evergreen. Deciduous varieties, such as the sweet and sour cherry, take the form of a large shrub or a compactly growing tree and are popularly cultivated in areas with temperate climates. On the other hand, evergreen cherry trees can usually be found in the tropics and rainy climates. These trees are generally smaller in stature and can survive in regions where temperatures may not drop below freezing point. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of evergreen cherry trees and how they differ from other varieties of cherry trees.
Characteristics of Evergreen Cherry Trees
The evergreen cherry tree is characterized by glossy, dark green leaves which are smaller than those of deciduous cherry trees and its branches may be clothed in sweetly-scented white or pink blossoms. The blossoms of the evergreen variety are typically smaller than other species and its fruit is also smaller in size, with a less meaty texture than the larger sweet and sour varieties. The evergreen cherry tree is drought-resistant and can cope with high temperatures and dry climates quite well. Unlike its deciduous relatives, the evergreen cherry tree retains its foliage throughout the year, occasionally losing old leaves in the fall and growing fresh foliage in the spring.
History
The origins of the evergreen cherry tree can be traced back to the tropical regions of Asia, where it has long been cultivated as an ornamental and fruiting tree. The evergreen cherry tree was introduced to Europe by the 15th century as a valuable export and its cultivation has spread throughout the world since then. In the United States, evergreen cherry trees can be found in a variety of orchards and gardens, though they are not as popular or widely cultivated as the sweeter varieties.
Living Conditions
The evergreen cherry tree grows best in regions with temperate climates and plenty of sunlight. It prefers well-drained soils, though it is tolerant of most soil types. The evergreen cherry tree is not frost-tolerant, so it is important to choose a location where the temperature will not drop below freezing. It also benefits from regular deep watering and supplemental fertilization in order to maintain healthy foliage and bountiful fruit.
Health Benefits
The evergreen cherry contains a wealth of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and calcium. They also contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins which can protect against oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, due to their high levels of antioxidants, consuming evergreen cherries can boost the immune system and help reduce inflammation in the body.
Pest Control
Just as with any other fruit tree, evergreen cherry trees can be affected by pests. Common pests of these trees include aphids, caterpillars, and scale insects. To prevent infestations, proper pruning and hand-picking of pests and debris from the trees is crucial. Additionally, options like organic pesticides, sticky traps and mosquito nets can also be used to protect the trees from pests and maintain a healthy tree.
Harvesting
Evergreen cherry trees can take up to three years to produce fruit and generally should be harvested when the cherries have ripened and are dark in color. The average length of time for fruit maturity can vary from tree to tree, so it is important to keep an eye on the tree and pick the cherries when they are ready. When harvesting, it is important to use clippers instead of picking the cherries with your hands in order to ripen all of the fruits on the tree evenly.
Storage
Once the cherries have been harvested, they should be stored in a cool, dry place. If the cherries are stored in the refrigerator, they can last for up to a month, but if stored at room temperature, their shelf life is reduced to about three days. Additionally, the cherries should be handled and stored with care, as they can easily bruise and spoil.
Uses
The evergreen cherry is a versatile fruit that can be enjoyed fresh, made into jams or jellies, or baked into cakes and pies. It can also be used to make wine, jams, jellies, conserves, and cordials. Additionally, the fresh evergreen cherries can provide a delicious and exciting twist to many everyday dishes, and can be enjoyed in salads, ice cream, and smoothies.
Cultivation
Evergreen cherry trees can be propagated either by seed or by cuttings. When selecting a tree to cultivate, it is important to consider the type and variety of the tree, as this will affect its size and yield. Growing from seed is often a preferred method as it limits the chance of replicating defective genes and can produce a larger, more vigorous tree. Additionally, cuttings are quicker, easier and cost-effective.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of the upkeep of evergreen cherry trees. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring when the tree is dormant, in order to prune back dead and diseased branches, as well as to remove dense clusters of branches. When pruning, it is important to use sharp pruning shears and to thin out the canopy of the tree in order to allow air and light to reach the inner parts of the tree.
Soil Preparation
Soil preparation is key to promoting robust growth in evergreen cherry trees. The soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. If planting directly into the ground, it is important to add a soil amendment such as manure, compost, or humus. If growing in containers or pots, it is important to choose a suitable soil mixture that is suitable for evergreen cherry trees.
Fertilizing
Fertilizing is essential in promoting optimal growth and yields in evergreen cherry trees. A balanced fertilizer should be applied at the start of spring and then again during summer. While fertilizing, it is important to keep in mind that evergreen cherry trees are sensitive to fertilizer and too much can damage the roots and lead to poor growth. It is also important to ensure that fertilizer is kept away from the tree’s trunk as this can cause burn damage.
