A lemon tree needs optimal amount of water and humidity, strong sunlight, suitable soil, occasional fertilizer and pruning in order to grow healthy and vigorous. Here is what to consider in each of these components:
Water and Humidity
The lemon tree prefers abundant and well-distributed watering during its growth period. Watering should be done at least two to three times a week, depending on the climate, with the base of the tree being moist, but not waterlogged. Moreover, sufficient humidity is critical for the lemon tree to absorb nutrients, as well as thrive in hot conditions. Therefore, maintaining proper humidity levels of around 45-65% and protecting your lemon tree against excessive exposure to cold and wind, is paramount.
Strong Sunlight
A lemon tree requires strong and direct sunlight throughout the day, which helps the tree produce lemons abundantly. Make sure to position your tree in a place which receives at least 8 to 10 hours of unobstructed and direct sunlight every day. During summer, especially in hot climates, it would be beneficial to provide the tree with light shade in the afternoon.
Suitable Soil
The soil for growing lemon trees should aptly drain excess water, but still contain enough soil moisture. Sandy loam soils with pH levels of 5.5-7.5 are highly recommended, although slightly acidic or alkaline soils may also be suitable. In addition, adding compost and mulch helps improve the soil structure and fertility, while the use of raised beds may promote better root growth.
Fertilizer
Lemon trees need occasional dressing with special citrus fertilizers, usually in the form of organic or inorganic compounds. Organic fertilizers, such as aged manure, compost and fish emulsion, provide good and steady nutrition for your lemon tree. Inorganic fertilizers can be equally beneficial, when used in appropriate dosages and applied directly to the soil. Fertilizer should be added every two to three months during the growing season.
Pruning
As a general principle, pruning should aim to maintain shape, remove dead and weak branches, and promote better air circulation within the tree’s foliage. Most importantly, prune the tree in the winter, when the tree is dormant and the foliage is not actively growing. Aesthetically, lemon trees are usually grown in a vase-shape, while other trees may be in an umbrellashape or an espalier.
Temperature
Lemon trees need primarily warm temperatures, however, with some variation as established by their preferred growing conditions. Generally, temperatures between 10-35 cåC are needed for normal and healthy growth, though temperatures as high as 40 cåC may applicable for short time periods. The lemon tree should also be protected from cold weather, as temperatures under 3-5 cåC may cause fruit drop and dormant periods.
Proper Maintenance
Finally, proper natural and cultural practices on a regular basis are essential for successful lemon tree growth. Young trees should be pruned in the first two years, especially fixing any weak stem crotches and leaf roots. Controlling weeds and pests also is important in order to maintain optimal plant vigor. A proper lemon tree maintenance schedule should be put in place in order to ensure healthy growth and abundance of fruit.
Foliage
Lemon trees need foliage to support the growth and intake of essential nutrients. This can be achieved by adding compost and using organic fertilizers, as well as pruning the tree to enhance better airflow through its branches. Proper foliage will help the lemon tree to absorb light, water, and nutrients more efficiently, increase its natural defenses, and boost its overall growth.
Root Systems
The root system of a lemon tree also needs adequate care. It is essential to provide the tree with enough water and nutrients to support the growth of healthy and vibrant root systems. Mulching is also important, as it helps control soil moisture, prevents weed growth, and enhances the soil fertility. Additionally, careful consideration should be given to the design of the root system, by avoiding areas with fistula or shallow roots, and using deeper root systems for more established trees.
Stratification
Stratification is an important part of the growth process of a lemon tree, as it helps to ensure vigorous and strong growth. Generally, this involves exposing a tree to cold weather and moist soils, in order to prepare it for the fruit production stage. As a result, severe cold-hardy plants may need to be exposed to a period of cold temperatures, while milder trees may only require moderate amounts of chill.
Pest Management
Due to their propensity for warm and humid conditions, lemon trees may be vulnerable to a range of pests. Effective pest management is therefore essential for the tree’s healthy growth and abundance of fruit. Organic pest control methods, such as pruning, mulching and trapping, are often effective in providing protection from harmful insects and diseases. Chemical treatments can also be used, however, these should be applied after careful consideration and research.
