Avocado trees are beloved by many for their delicious, nutritious fruits. Though they’re widely grown, avocados need more care than most other edible tree crops and are less able to tolerate cold. Fortunately, with a bit of selection and care, it is possible to get cold hardy avocado trees that can survive cold winter temperatures and continue to produce fruit in many regions.
Though the majority of avocados come from either the west coast of the USA, Hawaii, or Mexico, they can be grown in other areas with the right plants and a bit of care. Cold-hardy varieties of avocados include the ‘Choquette’, ‘Fuerte’, ‘Meyer’, and ‘Pinkerton’ avocados.
The ‘Choquette’ avocado is especially cold-hardy and resistant to root rot. It is native to Florida and fruits earliest among the other varieties in the spring. This is due to its cold-hardiness and the fact that it is able to flower earlier than other varieties. This variety produces large fruit and is disease-resistant.
The ‘Fuerte’ variety is native to Mexico and is more tolerant of cold as compared to other varieties. It is noted as having a grape-like flavor and requires some protection on cold nights. It is quite disease-resistant and fruits in late winter or spring.
The ‘Meyer’ variety is suitable for cooler climates and prized for its sweet flavor. This variety is the most cold hardy, and can withstand temperatures slightly below freezing. It is an heirloom variety that was brought to the United States from China.
The ‘Pinkerton’ variety is similar to the Meyer variety, with a sweeter flavor. It is very cold hardy, able to withstand temperatures of 25F (-4C). Additionally, it is a very hardy variety, tolerant of various soils and climates.
When choosing a cold-hardy avocado tree, it is important to consider the climate of the area in which it will be planted. The tree should be kept away from cold drafts or low-lying areas. Additionally, it is important to make sure the tree is well watered and fertilized in order to encourage strong growth and fruit production.
Though cold-hardy avocado trees can be grown in cooler climates, they are still vulnerable to cold snaps. Therefore, it is important to provide extra protection to the tree during extreme weather events. This can be done by covering the tree with blankets, using a frost cloth, or installing a heater near the tree.
Identifying Cold-Hardy Avocado Trees
Cold-hardy avocado trees can be identified by looking at the type of fruit they produce. As mentioned above, the Choquette, Fuerte, Meyer, and Pinkerton varieties are all cold hardy. Additionally, these varieties produce fruit earlier in the season and are more cold tolerant than other varieties.
When looking for a cold-hardy tree, it is also important to consider size and shape as well. Smaller, more prominent trees are more likely to produce fruit earlier in the season and withstand colder temperatures. Additionally, it is important to ensure the tree is in optimal health, as unhealthy trees are more vulnerable to extreme temperatures.
When choosing a cold-hardy avocado tree, it is also important to research the local climate and consider the timing of colder temperatures and frost. Cold-hardy avocado trees require an extended period of warm temperatures for optimal growth and fruit production, so it is important to make sure the tree will not be exposed to an extended period of cold temperatures.
Planting Cold-Hardy Avocado Trees
Before planting a cold-hardy avocado tree, it is important to prepare the planting site. The planting site should be well-drained and in an area that gets direct sun for at least six hours a day. Additionally, it is a good idea to mix some organic matter into the soil to improve drainage and provide additional nutrients.
When planting a cold-hardy avocado tree, it is important to plant it in a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep. The tree should be firmly planted and the roots should be spread out to encourage strong growth. After planting, water the tree thoroughly to help it establish its roots.
Cold-hardy avocado trees also require pruning to ensure they grow properly and produce ample fruit. Pruning should be done carefully and only to remove dead or diseased branches. Additionally, pruning should be done in the late winter or early spring to encourage new growth and rejuvenate the tree.
Care for Cold-Hardy Avocado Trees
To ensure a cold-hardy avocado tree remains healthy, it is important to provide it with proper care. The tree should be watered regularly to keep the soil moist and fertilized every few months. Additionally, mulch should be applied to the soil to help retain moisture and keep weeds at bay.
It is also important to check the tree regularly for any pests or diseases. If any pests or diseases are found, they should be treated immediately to avoid damage to the tree. Additionally, it is important to protect the tree during cold periods, especially if temperatures are expected to drop below freezing.
When harvesting cold-hardy avocado fruits, it is important to wait until the fruit has turned deep purple-black or soft when squeezed. Additionally, fruits should be soft handled and harvested in the early morning hours to avoid sun damage. Finally, it is important to harvest all mature fruits from the tree to prevent pests or diseases from spreading.
Cold Climate Growing Tips
When growing cold-hardy avocado trees in cold climates, it is important to ensure the tree is protected from freezing temperatures and frost. This can be done by covering the tree with frost cloth or blankets, installing a heater near the tree, or using a cold frame. Additionally, it is important to provide additional protection to the tree during extreme weather events.
It is also important to fertilize the tree regularly and water it deeply every few weeks. Deep watering is especially important in cold climates as the soil can become quite dry. Additionally, it is important to avoid over-watering the tree and ensure the soil is draining effectively.
Finally, it is important to prune the tree regularly to encourage new growth and remove any dead or diseased branches. Pruning should be done carefully and only when necessary to preserve the tree’s health and vitality. Additionally, it is important to remove any fruits from the tree that are not likely to ripen.
Selecting Cold-Hardy Avocado Trees
When selecting a cold-hardy avocado tree, it is important to consider the climate of the area in which it will be planted. Additionally, it is important to consider the type of soil the tree will be planted in and select a tree that is compatible with the soil type. It is also important to research the local climate and consider the timing of colder temperatures and frost.
Finally, it is important to consider the type of fruit the tree will produce. Cold-hardy varieties of avocados include the Choquette, Fuerte, Meyer, and Pinkerton varieties, all of which are excellent choices for colder climates. Additionally, it is important to look for trees that are disease resistant and produce large, sweet fruits.
Conclusion
Cold-hardy avocado trees can be grown in cooler climates with some care and selection. Cold-hardy varieties of avocados include the Choquette, Fuerte, Meyer, and Pinkerton avocados. When choosing a tree, it is important to consider the climate of the area in which it will be planted and the type of soil it will be planted in. It is also important to provide extra protection to the tree during extreme weather events. With proper care, cold-hardy avocado trees can thrive and produce delicious, nutritious fruit.
