Seed Planting
It all starts with the seed when growing an avocado tree. Planting the seed is a crucial step towards the tree bearing fruit yet so often the process is overlooked or done incorrectly. The seed should be placed in a pot or container with well-draining soil, keeping in mind that avocados prefer a warm climate. The pot should be kept near a window with a good amount of sunlight until germination. Once the seed has sprouted, carefully transfer the seedling into a larger pot and water sufficiently.
Neutralizing Soil pH Levels
To ensure a successful harvest, the soil pH levels should be neutralized. An easy way to test the pH level is to get a soil kit from your local gardening store or use a simple pH meter. If the soil has a pH level below 5.5 it must be corrected. Applying lime to the soil can not only help raise the pH level but also deter pests and irrigation problems.
Fertilizing
Fertilization is an essential practice in the growth of avocado trees. It is important to fertilize the tree on a regular basis with an herbicide specifically designed for avocados. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can cause the tree to become overly vulnerable to pests and disease. To be safe, an expert should be consulted prior to fertilizing to ensure the correct fertilization process and dosage.
Irrigation and Watering
Watering is essential to ensure the avocado tree’s development and growth. Avocado trees require a deep and regular watering that penetrates the roots. During a warmer months, the tree should be watered 2-3 times a week and in the winter season once a week is enough. Care must be taken when watering to prevent waterlogging, as this can cause root decay.
Managing Pests and Diseases
Aphids and mites are the main pests that can cause considerable damage to an avocado tree. There are several ways to protect the tree; vigilant inspection, the use of traps, biological pest control and the application of insecticidal soaps. If the infestation is severe, then it is best to call a certified professional.
It is also important to watch out for diseases that can affect the growth and productivity of the avocado tree. Moniliasis is a common fungal disease that can cause serious damage to an avocado tree. Fungicides are available to treat the tree. However, it is best to talk to an expert before administering fungicides.
Pollination
Flowering is essential for pollination and a successful harvest. Avocados are unique because they are both parthenocarpic and monoecious. This means that the flowers can be self-pollinated and the tree contains both male and female flowers. If pollination does not occur, it is possible to manually pollinate the flowers using a soft dry brush.
Harvesting
Harvesting the fruit can be tricky and is best left to an experienced gardener. Harvesting too early or late can mean that the fruit does not reach optimum ripeness. There are two techniques used to harvest the fruit- hand picking or shaking.
Pruning
Pruning an avocado tree is imperative to promote growth and eliminate dead branches. Pruning when the tree is young helps to encourage growth of the branches and trunk. The tree should be pruned every year before winter and all dead branches should be removed. Pruning should be done with caution as too much pruning may reduce the number of flowers on the tree, ultimately reducing the number of fruit.
Tree Health
Healthy trees produce abundant fruit; however, there can be many reasons why an avocado tree does not bear fruit. It is important to monitor the tree for signs of decline such as yellowing or dropping leaves, stunted growth, or dry branches. A soil test will reveal information regarding nutrient deprivation or pest infestations. An avocado tree can also suffer from insufficient pollination, a lack of pruning or too much pruning.
Horticultural Practises
The best way to ensure a successful fruit harvest is to avoid chemical fertilizers, which can harm the tree, as well as limit pesticide use, as they can be detrimental to bee populations. Additionally, gardeners should be mindful of the tree’s position and avoid planting in windy locations as avocado trees are fragile and can be easily damaged by strong winds.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors such as soil, temperature, water and exposure to the wind can all influence the growth and productivity of an avocado tree. The soil should be well-draining, nutrient-rich, as avocados need a lot of energy to produce fruits. The temperature should not be too cold as this could adversely affect flowering. Additionally, the avocado tree must be protected from strong winds or direct sunlight.
Signs of Stress
Stress can have a detrimental effect on an avocado tree and signs of stress should be identified quickly. Poor pollination, cold weather and overcrowding can all cause an avocado tree to produce fewer fruits. If stress is identified, it is important to take corrective measures. If the tree is overcrowded, then trees should be pruned and relocated; if the tree is suffering from cold weather, then it is best to use a frost blanket or heater to raise the temperature.
Alternative Solutions
Alternatively, gardeners can consider grafting an existing avocado tree. Grafting involves joining a rootstock variety with an existing variety of avocado which can then be used to produce an avocado with a different ripening time or a higher yield. Additionally, flowering can be induced by applying an ethylene-like compound, such as 1-methylcyclopropene or ethephon, to an avocado tree. Both of these methods may significantly improve the yield of an avocado tree.
Fruit Quality
Finally, it is important to consider the quality of the harvested fruit. Poor quality fruit can be caused by too much or too little water, a lack of pollinators, or too much nitrogen in the soil. It is best to fertilize and irrigate the tree regularly to ensure that the avocados reach their desired quality.
