A question that often arises amongst novice gardeners and growers is why are small apples falling off tree? There are a few possible explanations for this, however the most common is due to insufficient pollination whilst the apple tree is in bloom. A lack of pollination can be caused by a number of factors. One of them is a lack of pollinating insects in the area, as they facilitate the process of pollination. Another reason may be due to wrong weather conditions, such as extreme heat or cold, lack of wind or periods of drought.
Pollination is a critical process in the production of fruit, as it enables the transfer of pollen throughout the tree in order to produce fruit. Poor pollination may be due to insufficient bee activity or the apple tree being isolated from other apple trees. If nearby apple trees are not compatible for depositing pollen, then the apple tree in question will likely experience a reduction in the amount of fruit it produces.
A lack of pollination can also cause the small apples to drop from the tree prematurely. As bees and other pollinators have a habit of tapping the flowers to obtain nectar and pollen, if there is not enough nectar or pollen then fruit production can decrease dramatically. Furthermore, if the pollen that is available is of a lower quality than it should be, then this could also lead to smaller and less attractive apples, as the apple tree will not be able to grow them properly.
Similarly, if the weather turns suddenly hot or cold during the apple tree’s blooming season, or if there is a period of drought, then this can also stunt the tree’s growth, potentially leading to fewer and smaller apples. Apple trees require specific conditions to grow and thrive and any changes in these can seriously affect their health and the amount of fruit it produces.
Additionally, nutrient deficiencies can affect the tree’s capacity to bear fruit. Apple trees need to be fertilised regularly in order to ensure they have enough nutrients to produce fruit and if the tree is not getting enough then this could lead to small apples dropping from the tree. As such, this is something that should be addressed as soon as possible if signs of nutrient deficiency are evident.
Fungal Infections
Fungal diseases, such as scab and fire blight, can also affect the growth of an apple tree, resulting in smaller fruit and, eventually, the premature drop of these fruits from the tree. Fungi need to be detected early and treated quickly in order to avoid long-term damage to the tree. There are a variety of fungicides available for home gardeners, however the use of these should always be met with caution and care, as overuse can have detrimental effects on the tree and the environment.
Overfeeding
In addition, overfeeding the tree can also cause smaller apples to fall from it. Too much nitrogen rich fertiliser can stunt the growth of an apple tree, resulting in smaller fruit being produced. Noticeable signs of overfeeding include yellowing leaves, stunted growth and smaller apples. If this occurs then the fertiliser being used should be adjusted and the apple tree can be checked regularly to monitor it’s health.
Bacterial Blight
Bacterial blight can also cause the premature fall of small apples, as bacteria can infect the tree, resulting in stunted growth and smaller, misshapen fruit. This can occur when infected foliage or debris is left on the ground near the tree, leading to the bacteria being transferred throughout its branches. Sanitation is essential in preventing bacterial disease, as well as avoiding over-watering and providing the tree with good quality fertilisers.
Insect Infestations
Insect infestations can also reduce the number and size of apples the tree produces. A variety of insects, such as aphids, mites, borers and caterpillars can be a major problem for an apple tree, as they often feed on the foliage and fruit, causing them to appear distorted or to drop from the tree. Where this is the case, a rigorous pest control program needs to be implemented to restore the health of the tree and prevent further damage.
Pruning Techniques
Finally, incorrect pruning technique can also lead to small apples falling from the tree. Over or incorrect pruning will weaken the structure of the apple tree, thus reducing its capacity to produce fruit and resulting in smaller apples. If a tree has been over or incorrectly pruned, it should be allowed to grow and regain its shape, as vigorous pruning can result in even more drastic consequences.
