Background Information
Avocados are a delicious and popular fruit that is enjoyed by many around the world. The avocado tree is a large evergreen tree that grows in the tropics and Mediterranean regions. Its fruits, unique to their species, have a creamy, buttery texture and a unique flavor. Avocados are widely used in Mexican, Latin American, and Mediterranean cuisines, as well as various health foods. They are also becoming increasingly popular in North America.
The avocado tree is a tropical tree, and its fruits require warm, frost-free days and nights. In the US, a majority of the avocados are grown in California and Florida. But can the avocado tree grow in NC?
Climate
North Carolina has a humid subtropical climate, so it may seem like the perfect climate for growing avocados. In general, many tropical fruits can grow in the state, and even some subtropical fruits such as citrus and guavas. On the other hand, the avocado tree is not tolerant to freezing temperatures and is sensitive to cold even when mature. The USDA Hardiness Zone Map recommends growing avocados only in 7 regions of the country, mostly in the southern states such as Texas, California, and Florida. Zone 6, where NC belongs, has considerably colder temperatures than the recommended regions.
Possible Solutions
Experts recommend that if NC residents want to grow avocados in the state, they should choose cold-hardy varieties such as the hardy ‘Mexicola’ and ‘Fuerte’. These varieties are more tolerant to colder temperatures and can survive temperatures to 20°F (-7 °C). It is also important to choose a site that gets plenty of sunlight and offers adequate drainage as the avocado tree prefers well-drained soils.
In addition to cold-hardy varieties, it is important to pay attention to local weather conditions. NC generally does not experience extreme cold weather conditions and winters are usually mild. So, if proper care is taken and cold-hardy varieties are chosen, it is possible to grow avocados in NC.
Extra Benefits
Growing an avocado tree can offer additional benefits.Avocado trees can provide shade and, depending on the variety, may also produce fruit with edible kernels, as well as decorative foliage. Avocado trees are also known for their low maintenance needs and can thrive with little pruning and fertilization.
Challenges
Though growing avocados could be possible in NC, it comes with some challenges. Firstly, the trees need a lot of water and may require irrigation in periods of drought. Also,prolonged temperatures below 55 °F (13 °C) can cause leaf drop and, in extreme cases, the death of trees. Finally, if they’re grown in a location that experiences frequent frosts, they will need to be sheltered to protect them from cold weather.
Container Growing
Container-grown avocados are a great option to consider if the climate or limited space and light conditions do not allow one to grow it in the ground. Though they grow slow, they are very resilient and can be brought indoors during cold snaps to protect them from extreme temperatures.
Containers should be large enough to allow for adequate deep and frequent watering, as well as proper air circulation and drainage. Also, these plants require regular fertilization to ensure healthy growth.
Pests & Diseases
Certain pests and diseases can significantly damage avocado trees in NC. Pests such as mealybugs, scale, mites and spider mites can feed on the leaves and sap of the tree, causing discoloration and defoliation. Additionally, various fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and anthracnose can attack the leaves and fruit. The best way to protect avocado trees is to choose a well-draining, sunny spot and inspect them regularly for any infestation.
Propagation
For many aspiring avocado growers in NC, growing their own plants from seed could be the best option. The most popular method of avocado propagation is by planting the whole seed in a container. All one needs is a ripe avocado with a large seed, a pot, soil, and patience. The seed can be planted in the pot with the pointed side up and watered regularly. The seed will germinate in several weeks, after which the seedling needs to be carefully transplanted to a bigger pot.
Pruning
Though avocados are low-maintenance plants, they do require pruning to maintain their shape and encourage fruiting. Pruning helps to promote healthy growth and remove dead or damaged branches. Pruned branches should be disposed of carefully as they could spread disease to other plants if left lying around.
Harvesting
Harvesting avocados is a lengthy process and can take up to five months after blooming. The best way to tell if the fruit is ripe is by gently pressing its skin. If it yields to the pressure and has a slightly soft texture, then the fruit is ready to be harvested. Care should be taken to avoid damaging the stem, as this can cause the fruit to rot and drop off the tree prematurely.
