Growing and keeping the size of an apple tree small is possible with proper pruning methods. Pruning should be done in early spring before buds start to develop or anytime during the second year of the tree’s life. Here are some detailed instructions to help you prune an apple tree to keep it small:
1.Select the main structure of the tree. This structure will become the center of the tree and consist of two to three main branches. The trunk should be around eight to twelve feet high and branches should extend out, creating enough space for the tree to grow and receive plenty of light.
2.Cut off any crossed branches to prevent them from rubbing against each other, creating wounds that can open up the tree to diseases. Also cut out any diseased or weak branches.
3.Choose the four to five branches that have the best shape, color, and potential for fruit-baring. These will become the primary branches that you’ll use. Cut off the remaining branches, leaving a pair of buds where the branch meets the trunk.
4.Cut unnecessary branches from the primary branches to keep the top of the tree to the desired shape. Make sure to angle the cut about 45 degrees away from the center of the tree. This will ensure that water runs off the cut and away from the center of the tree.
5.Finally, always use sharp tools to avoid tearing and stretching of the bark, which can leave the tree vulnerable to infection and disease.
Identifying Dead or Diseased Branches
Before pruning an apple tree, you’ll want to identify any dead or diseased branches that should be cut off. Diseased or dead branches don’t just reduce the number of apples the tree will produce, but can also cause the tree to waste energy in producing a crop that won’t survive. To identify these branches, noted for their lack of foliage and dark discoloration, pay special attention to the main and lateral branches.
If the branch has no buds, it is surely dead. If it has a few buds, it is probably dying, but should be tested further by scratching off some bark to examine the wood underneath. If the wood is white, it is still alive. However, if the wood is dark, it is dead and should be pruned back.
Additionally, if a branch is bent, twisted, and/or has bark lesions, you’ll want to check it for fungal infections or other diseases. If you find any dead or diseased branches, it’s best to prune them off immediately.
Selecting Branches to Prune
When pruning an apple tree, you should look for branches of poor shape, color, and/or potential for fruit-baring. Any branch that is growing too close to another should be pruned back. Additionally, look for branches that are growing at an angle less than 45 degrees from the tree’s center. These branches should also be pruned back.
When pruning an apple tree, you’ll want to make sure that any branches of the same age are balanced in terms of length and prune off any stubs that are more than an inch in length. This will help the tree produce a larger fruit crop.
In addition to these factors, you’ll also want to pay attention to any branches that are growing up instead of growing outward. These branches require more energy to produce fruit and can cause the tree to starve and not produce enough energy for other branches. These should also be pruned off.
Determining the Right Pruning Time
Deciding when to start pruning an apple tree is based upon the tree’s growth cycle and the type of apple tree. Generally, you’ll want to prune the tree just after it has finished flowering in the spring. That way, you can cut back a branch without interfering with the tree’s natural flowering and fruit-bearing processes.
If you are pruning an apple tree for the first time, then it’s best to wait until the tree has been established for a year or two. During the first year, you’ll want to use the tree’s natural growth process to determine which branches are the healthiest and strongest. From there, you can start to prune off any dead or diseased branches in the following years.
Pruning late in the fall is also important, as this will help keep the apple tree healthy and disease-free into the winter months. That way, when the season changes, the tree will be ready to start producing fruit again.
Pruning Technique Advice
When pruning an apple tree, you’ll want to make sure that you use the proper technique to avoid damaging the tree. Always use sharp pruning shears to cut between ¼ and ½ an inch above a bud. If the branch is thicker than your thumb, use lopping shears or a saw instead. Additionally, be sure to angle the cuts away from the tree’s center when possible.
To promote healthy growth, pinch off excess buds or twig growth at the branch’s tip. This will help create a balanced shape for the tree and encourage the healthy development of larger fruits. Additionally, be sure to prune the tree in a way that has the main branches facing outward rather than upward.
Finally, if you’re having trouble deciding how to prune the tree, it may be helpful to consult with a professional. A professional arborist is trained to prune fruit trees, so they can help you identify and remove dead and diseased branches, as well as suggest pruning techniques that are best suited for the apple tree.
Sanitizing Pruning Tools
Before pruning an apple tree, you’ll want to make sure to familiarize yourself with proper pruning tools and safety protocols. it’s important to use the right tools for the job, as using the wrong tool can lead to further damage to the tree. Additionally, make sure to sanitize your pruning tools with rubbing alcohol between each cut, as this will help reduce the chances of spreading diseases between the tree and other plants.
Also, be sure to wear the right protective gear while performing the pruning. This can include gloves, eye protection, and a long-sleeved shirt. Furthermore, it’s best to prune the tree on a cloudy day, as direct sunlight can dry the cut branches quickly, increasing the chances of infection.
Finally, pruning a tree can be difficult, so it’s always best to read up on it and even watch a few videos prior to beginning the process. You’ll want to familiarize yourself with all the proper techniques and safety protocols, as this will help ensure that your tree gets pruned properly.
